TABLE 2.

Correlations, means and standard deviations of father involvement, fathers’ beliefs about parental roles, fathering self-efficacy, and maternal gatekeeping.

Variable	M (SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1. Father interaction	2.42 (0.65)	–
2. Father accessibility	2.65 (0.73)	0.79**	–
3. Father responsibility	2.56 (0.64)	0.85**	0.81**	–
4. Fathers’ beliefs	3.61 (0.53)	0.37**	0.41**	0.36**	–
5. Fathering self-efficacy	7.23 (1.78)	0.39**	0.34**	0.39**	0.25**	–
6. Gate-opening (M)	3.81 (1.03)	0.31**	0.25**	0.29**	0.16**	0.16**	–
7. Gate-closing (M)	3.34 (0.94)	0.03	0.02	0.01	–0.07	−0.09*	0.13**	–
8. Gate-opening (F)	3.74 (1.03)	0.34**	0.28**	0.36**	0.20**	0.18**	0.41**	0.06	–
9. Gate-closing (F)	3.41 (1.00)	0.03	0.06	0.04	−0.12**	–0.07	0.05	0.34**	0.24**

M, mother report; F, father report. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.