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. 2022 Aug 18;1(4):pgac157. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac157

Table 3.

Estimated marginal means by ethnicity across language dimensions.

Language dimension Ethnicity M SE df 95% CI
Positive emotion terms (%) Asian 2.11 0.034 2,415 [2.05, 2.18]
Black/African 2.12 0.033 2,080 [2.05, 2.18]
Hispanic or Latino 2.15 0.034 2,318 [2.09, 2.22]
Other 2.17 0.033 2,015 [2.11, 2.24]
White 2.15 0.033 1,937 [2.09, 2.22]
Negative emotion terms (%) Asian 1.36 0.018 11,907 [1.33, 1.40]
Black/African 1.39 0.014 4,900 [1.36, 1.41]
Hispanic or Latino 1.42 0.017 9,903 [1.39, 1.46]
Other 1.40 0.013 3,782 [1.38, 1.43]
White 1.42 0.012 2,477 [1.40, 1.45]
Body terms (%) Asian 1.97 0.035 3,770 [1.90, 2.03]
Black/African 1.79 0.031 2,595 [1.73, 1.85]
Hispanic or Latino 1.91 0.034 3,465 [1.84, 1.97]
Other 1.89 0.031 2,369 [1.83, 1.95]
White 1.87 0.030 2,094 [1.81, 1.93]
Impersonal pronouns (%) Asian 0.699 0.015 2,709 [0.67, 0.73]
Black/African 0.706 0.014 2,068 [0.68, 0.73]
Hispanic or Latino 0.699 0.015 2,517 [0.67, 0.73]
Other 0.715 0.014 1,964 [0.69, 0.74]
White 0.702 0.014 1,814 [0.68, 0.73]
Analytic thinking Asian 92.85 0.089 2,835 [92.68, 93.02]
Black/African 92.77 0.083 2,147 [92.60, 92.93]
Hispanic or Latino 92.82 0.087 2,631 [92.65, 92.99]
Other 92.85 0.081 2,029 [92.69, 93.01]
White 92.90 0.080 1,872 [92.75, 93.06]
Cognitive processes (%) Asian 4.75 0.041 7,261 [4.67, 4.83]
Black/African 4.76 0.034 3,495 [4.69, 4.82]
Hispanic or Latino 4.65 0.039 6,151 [4.57, 4.72]
Other 4.46 0.032 2,880 [4.39, 4.52]
White 4.63 0.030 2,152 [4.57, 4.69]

Note: these results include various controls reported in the main text and account for gender as a fixed effect in the linear mixed model calculations. Full model outputs are in the online supplement and all Bonferroni-corrected mean differences are represented in Table S8. Numbers in brackets are 95% CI for the estimated marginal group means and not the difference between the group means, which are used to assess statistical significance.