Table 2. Results of univariable Cox model analysis.
| Variable (reference) | Category or unit | Univariable Cox model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p value | ||
| Sex (women) | Men | 1.21 | 1.18–1.24 | <0.001 |
| Age (0 to < 40 years) | 40 to < 50 years | 1.36 | 0.99–1.86 | 0.090 |
| 50 to < 60 years | 1.98 | 1.45–2.71 | <0.001 | |
| 60 to < 70 years | 2.62 | 1.93–3.56 | <0.001 | |
| 70 to < 80 years | 3.65 | 2.69–4.96 | <0.001 | |
| 80 years and over | 4.44 | 3.27–6.04 | <0.001 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease (absence) | Presence | 1.49 | 1.44–1.54 | <0.001 |
| Any malignancy (absence) | Presence | 1.54 | 1.47–1.60 | <0.001 |
| Dementia (absence) | Presence | 1.60 | 1.49–1.72 | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction (absence) | Presence | 1.52 | 1.39–1.67 | <0.001 |
| Renal disease (absence) | Presence | 1.61 | 1.49–1.74 | <0.001 |
| Rheumatic disease (absence) | Presence | 1.34 | 1.24–1.44 | <0.001 |
| Liver disease (absence) | Presence | 2.03 | 1.52–2.70 | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure (absence) | Presence | 1.65 | 1.58–1.71 | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease (absence) | Presence | 1.29 | 1.25–1.33 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (absence) | Presence | 1.50 | 1.42–1.58 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (absence) | Presence | 1.51 | 1.47–1.54 | <0.001 |
| Pylori-infected gastritis (absence) | Presence | 1.29 | 1.22–1.36 | <0.001 |
| History of gastrectomy (absence) | Presence | 2.22 | 1.40–3.52 | <0.001 |
| HIV infection (absence) | Presence | 0.57 | 0.08–4.06 | 0.576 |
| Crohn’s disease (absence) | Presence | 1.61 | 0.98–2.62 | 0.058 |
| Spinal injury (absence) | Presence | 1.60 | 0.23–11.37 | 0.637 |
| Total parenteral nutrition (absence) | Presence | NE | NE | NE |
| Frequency of alcohol consumption | Never | 1.00 | ||
| Occasionally | 0.90 | 0.87–0.93 | <0.001 | |
| Everyday | 0.91 | 0.88–0.95 | <0.001 | |
| Use of lipid-lowering agents (no) | Yes | 0.83 | 0.81–0.86 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker (no) | Yes | 1.09 | 1.04–1.14 | <0.001 |
| Walking or physical exercise > 1 h / wk (no) | Yes | 0.91 | 0.88–0.93 | <0.001 |
| Increase in weight > 10 kg since age of 20 y (no) | Yes | 1.33 | 1.29–1.37 | <0.001 |
| Estimated GFR | 1 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0.99 | 0.99–0.99 | <0.001 |
| BMI | 1 kg/m2 | 1.05 | 1.04–1.05 | <0.001 |
| GGT | 100 U/L | 1.15 | 1.14–1.16 | <0.001 |
| AST | 10 U/L | 1.07 | 1.06–1.07 | <0.001 |
| ALT | 10 U/L | 1.05 | 1.05–1.06 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c | 1% | 1.06 | 1.05–1.07 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol | 10 mg/dL | 0.96 | 0.96–0.97 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 10 mmHg | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides | 100 mg/dL | 1.10 | 1.08–1.12 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid | 1 mg/dL | 1.07 | 1.06–1.07 | <0.001 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HR, hazard ratio; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.