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. 2022 Dec 31;22:2457. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14918-8

Table 2.

Predicting number of installs, number of ratings, number of reviews, and rating scores of COVID-19 apps

Model 1 (Number of installs) Model 2 (Number of ratings)
Variables IRR (S.E.) 95%CI P-value IRR (S.E.) 95%CI P-value
 (Intercept) 423312.9 (2760158) 1.193, 1.50e+11 .047 0.010 (0.077) 0.000, 31031.920 .55
 Release date 0.630 (0.186) 0.353, 1.125 .12 0.971 (0.551) 0.319, 2.951 .96
 Population (log) 2.206 (0.792) 1.091, 4.460 .03 10.354 (6.273) 3.158, 33.945 <.001
 GDP (log) 0.564 (0.250) 0.237, 1.342 .20 0.269 (0.159) 0.084, 0.859 .03
 Internet user 1.020 (0.017) 0.986, 1.054 .25 1.115 (0.031) 1.056, 1.178 <.001
Country-level factors
 Number of cases (log) 0.917 (0.152) 0.663, 1.268 .60 0.716 (0.153) 0.470, 1.089 .12
 Political system (Democratic=1) 0.772 (0.421) 0.264, 2.251 .64 0.925 (0.893) 0.140, 6.138 .94
App-level factors
 Developer (Government=1) 8.156 (3.654) 3.389, 19.626 <.001 26.036 (16.836) 7.331, 92.468 <.001
 Function (Health information) 0.732 (0.261) 0.364, 1.472 .38 1.408 (0.749) 0.496, 3.995 .52
 Function (Contact tracing) 4.533 (1.811) 2.072, 9.918 <.001 11.634 (7.154) 3.486, 38.827 <.001
 Function (Home monitoring) 0.732 (0.389) 0.258, 2.075 .56 0.206 (0.155) 0.047, 0.896 .04
 Function (Consultation) 4.885 (2.263) 1.970, 12.111 .001 17.194 (10.308) 5.309, 55.680 <.001
 Log likelihood -2177.551 -1470.949
 LR chi2 72.42 74.54
 Pseudo R2 1.64 2.47
 R-squared
 N 169 169
Model 3 (Number of reviews) Model 4 (Rating score)
Variables IRR (S.E.) 95%CI P-value Coefficient (S.E.) 95%CI P-value
  (Intercept) 2.919 (19.028) 0.000, 1031620 .87 6.255 (1.379) 3.537, 8.974 <.001
 Release date 0.277 (0.101) 0.136, 0.565 <.001 -0.049 (0.107) -0.261, 0.163 .65
 Population (log) 0.258 (0.141) 0.088, 0.754 .01 0.150 (0.121) -0.088, 0.388 .22
 GDP (log) 3.137 (1.562) 1.182, 8.324 .02 -0.215 (0.109) -0.430, 0.001 .05
 Internet user 0.951 (0.026) 0.902, 1.002 .06 0.007 (0.006) -0.005, 0.019 .24
Country-level factors
 Number of cases (log) 1.081 (0.193) 0.763, 1.533 .66 0.079 (0.040) 0.000, 0.158 .049
 Political system (Democratic=1) 0.548 (0.427) 0.119, 2.526 .44 -0.220 (0.222) -0.657, 0.217 .32
App-level factors
 Developer (Government=1) 12.188 (7.000) 3.954, 37.568 <.001 -0.369 (0.145) -0.653, -0.083 .01
 Function (Health information) 1.314 (0.556) 0.573, 3.013 .52 0.032 (0.126) -0.216, 0.281 .80
 Function (Contact tracing) 5.688 (2.959) 2.052, 15.770 .001 -0.072 (0.142) -0.352, 0.208 .61
 Function (Home monitoring) 3.871 (2.588) 1.044, 14.349 .04 -0.550 (0.214) -0.971, -0.129 .01
 Function (Consultation) 16.718 (9.698) 5.363, 52.113 <.001 0.292 (0.182) -0.066, 0.650 .11
 Log likelihood -938.135
 LR chi2 58.00
 Pseudo R2 3.00
 R-squared 13.86
 N 170 216