Table 3.
Summary of the reviewed papers about anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents in hydrogels for wound healing application.
| Biomaterials | Anti-inflammatory/antioxidant agent | Concentration | Mechanism of action | In vivo | Main result | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/glycosaminoglycan (GAG) Heparin | (GAG) Heparin | N/A | Electrostatic bond with chemokines | + | Inflammatory chemokines are scavenged in PEG-GAG hydrogels when compared to PEG hydrogels. PEG-GAG hydrogels promoted wound healing via decreasing inflammation and improving vascularization in vivo. |
[139] |
| KGM + KER + OAT hydrogel | Avena sativa (OAT) | ⁓1% w/v | Inhibition of NF- κ B, proinflammatory cytokines, and histamines | + | OAT containing hydrogels accelerated wound closure compared to the control group. No inflammatory cells in wounds treated with KGM + KER + OAT. | [140] |
| Chitosan/Alginate-Vitamin E | Vitamin E | 200, 400, 800-, and 1600-unit Vit E:10 mL Chit/Alg |
Protecting cell membranes from ROS attack by reaction with unstable lipid radicals | + | Vitamin E within the Cs/Alg hydrogels promoted wound closure in vivo. | [148] |
| Red jujube (RJ)/GelMA | Red jujube (which contains flavones, polyphenols, and vitamins) | 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10 % w/v. | Donating electrons Protecting cells from ROS attack | + | RJ/GelMA hydrogels protect cells from ROS. Remarkable wound size reduction 8 days after implantation on a wound model compared to control GelMA hydrogel. | [142] |