Breakthrough points in the application of extracellular vesicle research
(A) Strategies to enhance the bioactivity of EVs and construct engineered EVs. Adapted reprinted with permission from Ref. [30] (Reference number: 221,031–022,389). (B) EVs loaded with biomaterials. Adapted reprinted with permission from Ref. [22], Copyright © 2022, John Wiley and Sons GmbH (License number:5,440,800,437,958). (C) Preparation strategies for EVMs. Adapted reprinted with permission from Ref. [44], Copyright © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH (License number:5,440,800,929,863).