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. 2022 Dec 21;18:100522. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100522

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 8 — Application of EV-loaded hydrogels in Bone and cartilage

(A) Schematic illustration of UMSC-EV-loaded Self-healing hydrogel for testing in rats with induced femoral condyle defect. Adapted reprinted with permission from Ref. [198], based on CC BY license, Copyright © 2020 Wang, Wang, Zhou, Sun, Zhu, Duan, Chen, Guo, Zhang and Guo.(B) Encapsulated UMSC-Exo in hyaluronic acid hydrogel and combined them with customized nanohydroxyapatite/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds to repair cranial defects in rats. Adapted reprinted with permission from Ref. [199], Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society.(C) The use of 3D printed ECM/GelMA/EV scaffolds in the repair of bone cartilage defects. Adapted reprinted with permission from Ref. [177], based on CC BY-NC License. (D) An injectable Mussel-Inspired highly adhesive hydrogel loaded EVs to facilitate cartilage defect regeneration. Adapted reprinted with permission from Ref. [103], Copyright @ 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved (License number: 5,441,190,459,082).