FIGURE 4.

Estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer in relation to intakes of the six foods and nutrients identified in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (yellow), and replication in the Netherlands Cohort Study (blue), overall and for different histological subtypes. Estimates are for a 1 SD increment in intake per day, from Cox proportional hazards models stratified by age at recruitment (in 5‐year categories), study centre (EPIC only), sex and smoking status (never, former, current) and adjusted for number of cigarettes smoked per day (in EPIC: fourths, interacted with smoking status; in NLCS: continuous, centred), cigarette smoking years (in EPIC: fourths, interacted with smoking status; in NLCS: continuous, centred), body mass index (<20, 20 to <23, 23 to <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, ≥35 kg/m²), physical activity (in EPIC, Cambridge index: inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, active; in NLCS, nonoccupational physical activity: ≤30, >30 to 60, >60 to 90, >90 min/day), highest level of education (in EPIC: none/primary school, technical/professional school, secondary school, longer education including university; in NLCS: primary school or lower vocational, secondary or medium vocational, higher vocational or university), family history of lung cancer (no, yes; NLCS only), history of diabetes (no, yes) and energy intake (kcal/day, continuous). For offal, only liver consumption was available in the NLCS