Table 2.

Most recent clinical and biochemical data

	Whole cohort	Males (n = 5)	Females (no diabetes) (n = 4)	Females (diabetes) (n = 3)	Reference ranges
Age (median [range])	14.7 [6.3–21.3]	11.6 [12.6–16.3]	9.1 [6.3–16.6]	15.3 [12.2–21.3]
Height SDS	0.39 ± 1.57	0.31 ± 1.62	0.00 ± 1.94	1.33 ± 0.78
Weight SDS	0.37 ± 1.16	0.02 ± 1.05	0.29 ± 1.41	1.33 ± 0.78
BMI SDS	0.47 ± 0.82	−0.12 ± 0.54*	0.57 ± 0.77	1.27 ± 0.65
Systolic BP SDS	−0.13 ± 0.95	−0.78 ± 1.28	0.09 ± 0.82	0.24 ± 0.61
Diastolic BP SDS	1.09 ± 0.89	1.00 ± 1.66	1.17 ± 0.25	0.78 ± 0.39
Alanine transaminase (ALT) (U/L)	50.0 ± 57.7	23.6 ± 17.6	26.5 ± 19.7	124.0 ± 78.8**	7–40
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.75 ± 1.03	1.47 ± 0.86	1.55 ± 1.16	2.46 ± 1.21	0.30–1.80
Total cholesterol	4.6 ± 1.1	3.7 ± 1.2	4.9 ± 0.6	4.7 ± 1.4
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.08 ± 0.36	1.09 ± 0.39	1.27 ± 0.36	0.79 ± 0.17	M: >0.75
					F: >0.91
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.76 ± 0.72	2.60 ± 0.82	2.95 ± 0.65	2.79 ± 0.88	<2.59
Leptin (u/L)	6.6 ± 4.7	3.2 ± 2.3*	7.3 ± 5.0	11.9 ± 2.8
HbA1C (mmol/mol)	41.8 ± 21.2	33.2 ± 2.9	35.0 ± 7.0	59.0 ± 36.4	<42
Adiponectin (μg/ml)	7.7 ± 3.6	7.6 ± 3.4	8.9 ± 4.0	5.0 ± 2.8
Insulin (pmol/L) (median [interquartile range])	98 (37–173)	62 (39–85)	60.5 (22–129)	317 (213.5–348)	0–80

Note: The reference ranges for HDL and LDL cholesterol are based on the ATP III guidelines.

Abbreviations: ATP III, adult treatment panel III; BMI, body mass index; BP, binding protein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; SDS, standard deviation scores.

^* p < .01 versus patients without diabetes, adjusted for gender, decimal age and BMI SD scores.

^** p < .05 versus all females, adjusted for decimal age.