FIGURE 2.
(a) Fractal Brownian surfaces of known fractal dimensions generated by the midpoint displacement algorithm. (b) Examples of fractal‐like empirical surfaces represented in 3D (top row) and 2D (bottom row); from left to right: SEM scan of a 1 mm × 1 mm rock surface, digital elevation model (DEM) of a 1 m × 1 m quadrat on a rocky shore, lidar point cloud of a 100 m × 100 m aerial scan of a forest landscape (image generated using data from the ‘lidR’ package in R; Roussel et al., 2020). Five orders of magnitude in spatial scale are represented by these examples.