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. 2022 Aug 17;25(10):2269–2288. doi: 10.1111/ele.14084

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

(a) Fractal Brownian surfaces of known fractal dimensions generated by the midpoint displacement algorithm. (b) Examples of fractal‐like empirical surfaces represented in 3D (top row) and 2D (bottom row); from left to right: SEM scan of a 1 mm × 1 mm rock surface, digital elevation model (DEM) of a 1 m × 1 m quadrat on a rocky shore, lidar point cloud of a 100 m × 100 m aerial scan of a forest landscape (image generated using data from the ‘lidR’ package in R; Roussel et al., 2020). Five orders of magnitude in spatial scale are represented by these examples.