TABLE 3.
Self‐reported dental and periodontal characteristics of the patients with ulcerative colitis (including unclassified inflammatory bowel disease; n = 566) and Crohn's disease (n = 527)
| Parameter | Ulcerative colitis | Crohn's disease | p‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tooth number (n [%]) | |||
| Edentulous | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.2) | .003 a |
| 1–9 teeth | 7 (1.2) | 7 (1.3) | |
| 10–19 teeth | 64 (11.3) | 87 (16.5) | |
| ≥20 teeth | 495 (87.5) | 427 (81.0) | |
| State of the teeth (n [%]) | |||
| Excellent | 74 (13.1) | 48 (9.1) | <.001 b |
| Very good | 143 (25.3) | 106 (20.1) | |
| Good | 91 (16.1) | 95 (18.0) | |
| Average | 161 (28.4) | 123 (23.4) | |
| Poor | 70 (12.4) | 114 (21.6) | |
| Very poor | 24 (4.2) | 37 (7.0) | |
| Do not know | 3 (0.5) | 4 (0.8) | |
| State of the gums (n [%]) | |||
| Excellent | 61 (10.8) | 40 (7.6) | .001 b |
| Very good | 141 (24.9) | 86 (16.3) | |
| Good | 89 (15.7) | 98 (18.6) | |
| Average | 159 (28.1) | 152 (28.8) | |
| Poor | 92 (16.3) | 122 (23.2) | |
| Very poor | 21 (3.7) | 23 (4.4) | |
| Do not know | 3 (0.5) | 6 (1.1) | |
| Do you think you might have gum disease? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 146 (25.8) | 178 (33.8) | .014 |
| No | 365 (64.5) | 300 (56.9) | |
| Do not know | 55 (9.7) | 49 (9.3) | |
| Overall, how would you rate the health of your teeth and gums? (n [%]) | |||
| Excellent | 64 (11.3) | 34 (6.5) | <.001 a |
| Very good | 147 (26.0) | 112 (21.2) | |
| Good | 143 (25.3) | 133 (25.2) | |
| Fair | 139 (24.5) | 130 (24.7) | |
| Poor | 72 (12.7) | 113 (21.4) | |
| Do not know | 1 (0.2) | 5 (1.0) | |
| Have you ever had treatment for gum disease such as scaling and root planing, sometimes called “deep cleaning”? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 134 (23.7) | 125 (23.7) | .583 |
| No | 393 (69.4) | 357 (67.8) | |
| Do not know | 39 (6.9) | 45 (8.5) | |
| Have you ever had any teeth become loose on their own, without an injury? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 73 (12.9) | 87 (16.5) | .222 |
| No | 469 (82.9) | 416 (78.9) | |
| Do not know | 24 (4.2) | 24 (4.6) | |
| Have you ever been told by a dental professional that you lost bone around your teeth? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 50 (8.8) | 52 (9.9) | .008 |
| No | 500 (88.4) | 440 (83.5) | |
| Do not know | 16 (2.8) | 35 (6.6) | |
| During the past 3 months, have you noticed a tooth that does not look right? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 65 (11.5) | 79 (15.0) | .141 |
| No | 479 (84.6) | 422 (80.1) | |
| Do not know | 22 (3.9) | 26 (4.9) | |
| In the last 7 days, how many times did you use dental floss or any other device to clean between your teeth? (n [%]) | |||
| Never | 99 (17.5) | 81 (15.4) | .345 |
| 1–7 times | 467 (82.5) | 446 (84.6) | |
| In the last 7 days, how many times did you use mouthwash or other dental rinse product that you use to treat dental disease or dental problems? (n [%]) | |||
| Never | 495 (87.5) | 454 (86.2) | .523 |
| 1–7 times | 71 (12.5) | 73 (13.8) | |
| Have your parents or siblings now or in the past had problems with their gums and/or lost their teeth early in life? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 252 (44.5) | 225 (42.7) | .655 |
| No | 223 (39.4) | 222 (42.1) | |
| Do not know | 91 (16.1) | 80 (15.2) | |
| Have your gums bled recently, for example, when brushing your teeth? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 168 (29.7) | 200 (38.0) | .004 |
| No | 398 (70.3) | 327 (62.0) | |
| Do you have food impaction between your teeth? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 316 (55.8) | 288 (54.7) | .695 |
| No | 250 (44.2) | 239 (45.3) | |
| Do you notice your teeth getting longer? (n [%]) | |||
| Yes | 109 (19.3) | 101 (19.2) | .969 |
| No | 457 (80.7) | 426 (80.8) | |
| PESS c | |||
| Mean (SD) | 3.7 (2.7) | 3.7 (2.8) | .980 d |
| Median (Q1; Q3) | 4 (2; 5) | 3 (2; 5) | |
| PESS (n [%]) c | |||
| 1–4 | 395 (69.9) | 351 (67.2) | .408 |
| 5–8 | 129 (22.8) | 137 (26.3) | |
| 9–13 | 41 (7.3) | 34 (6.5) | |
| PESS ≥ 5 (yes; n [%]) e | 171 (30.2) | 173 (32.9) | .341 |
Note: Bold values indicate statistical significance.
Abbreviations: PESS, periodontal screening score; Q1/Q3, first/third quartile; SD, standard deviation.
Fisher's exact test was applied.
Calculation of the Fisher's exact test was not possible for these data, and p‐value is based on chi‐squared test.
Based on 565 patients with ulcerative colitis (including unclassified inflammatory bowel disease) and 522 patients with Crohn's disease.
p‐Value relates to the median values, and Mann–Whitney U‐test was applied.
Based on 566 patients with ulcerative colitis (including unclassified inflammatory bowel disease) and 526 patients with Crohn's disease.