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. 2022 Aug 1;90(1):88–105. doi: 10.1111/prd.12451

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Schematic representation of relationships between type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. A combination of host genetic variants, microbiome, and lifestyle factors (some of them shared) seem to predispose to both conditions. Furthermore, a bidirectional association exists, with the presence of diabetes affecting periodontal disease and, in turn, periodontal disease affecting diabetes. AGE: advanced glycation end‐product; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end‐product