TABLE 3.
Studies included in the analysis for primary stability
| Author/year | Design | Location | Edentulism | Type of surgery | No. of patients/implants | No. implants/patient | Observation period | Primary stability | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaewsiri et al 2019 | RCT | AZ, PS | SI | s‐CAIS d‐CAIS | 30/30 30/30 |
1 1 |
12 mo | ITV > 25 Ncm in all implants | ||
| Ko et al 2021 | RCT | AZ, PS | SI, PE | s‐CAIS | 72/187 | 2.59 | 12 mo |
Mean ± SD of ISQ: DL: 72.89 ± 7.85 IL: 70.18 ± 14.45 |
||
| Kuo et al 2022 | Case Series | AZ | SI, PE | d‐CAIS | 10/10 | 1.00 | 12 mo | ITV >25 Ncm in all implants | ||
| Lerner et al 2020 | Retrospective study | AZ, PS | PE, FE | s‐CAIS | 12/110 | 9.16 | 12 mo |
1. ITV <35 = 22.7% of implants, > 35 = 77.3% of implants 2. ISQ <55 = 25.5% of implants 55‐85 = 74.5% of implants |
||
| Makarov et al 2021 | Prospective pilot cohort study | AZ, PS | FE | s‐CAIS | 10/55 | 5.50 | 12 mo | ITV > 35 Ncm in all implants | ||
| Mouhyi et al 2019 | Retrospective study | AZ, PS | SI, PE | s‐CAIS | 38/110 | 2.89 | 12 mo | RT 20 Ncm (applying immediately after implant placement) | ||
| Nocini et al 2013 | Retrospective study | AZ, PS | FE | s‐CAIS | 65/342 | 5.26 | 12‐60 mo (mean 32.87 mo) |
1. median of ITV 40 Ncm, IQR 35‐50 2. ITV > 30 Ncm in all implants placed in smokers and in the mandible |
||
| Pozzi et al 2021 | Prospective cohort study | AZ, PS | PE, FE | d‐CAIS | 10/60 | 6 | 14‐18 mo (mean ± SD 16.2 ± 1.7 mo) | Mean ± SD ISQ: 71 ± 2.8, range 65‐78 | ||
| Schnutenhaus et al 2020 | Prospective clinical study, RCT | AZ, PZ | SI | s‐CAIS | 48/48 | 1 | n/a |
No significant differences in ISQ value between ARP and control groups. Mean ± SD |
||
| ARP | Not grafted | |||||||||
| B | 63.00 ± 8.75 | 64.12 ± 7.88 | ||||||||
| M | 63.48 ± 9.60 | 65.15 ± 8.30 | ||||||||
| Smitkarn et al 2019 | RCT | AZ, PZ | SI | s‐CAIS, FH | 52/60 | 1.15 | 0.5 mo |
Significant differences for both ISQ and ITV median (IQR) |
||
| s‐CAIS | FH | |||||||||
| ISQ at B | 63.5 (12) | 72 (9) | ||||||||
| ISQ at M | 65.0 (12) | 72 (11) | ||||||||
| ITV | 22.5 (20) | 35 (11) | ||||||||
Abbreviations: ARP, alveolar ridge preservation; AZ, esthetic zone; B, vestibulo‐oral direction; d‐CAIS, dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery; DL, delayed loading; FE, fully edentulous; FH, freehand placement; IL, immediate loading; IQR, interquartile range; ISQ, implant stability quotient; ITV, insertion torque value; M, mesio‐distal direction; n/a, the data were not provided in the articles; PE, partially edentulous; PS, posterior; RCT, randomized clinical trial; RT, reverse torque value; s‐CAIS, static computer‐assisted implant surgery; SD, standard deviation; SI, single implants.