TABLE 5.
Studies included in the analysis of outcomes related to the condition of the peri‐implant tissue
| Author/year | Design | Location | Edentulism | Type of surgery | No. of patients/implants | No. implants/patient | Observation Period | Peri‐implantitis (%implants/% patients) | Soft tissue outcomes | Marginal bone loss, mean ± SD (mm) | Keratinized mucosa | Studied outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almahrous et al 2020 | RCT | PS | PE |
s‐CAIS FH |
27/75 29/69 |
2.57 | 12 mo |
s‐CAIS: 0/0 FH: n/a/4 |
BOP s‐CAIS: 11.1% FH: 0% Plaque s‐CAIS: 14.8% FH: 12% |
n/a |
Patients s‐CAIS: 100% FH: 92% |
No difference in prevalence of peri‐implantitis, clinical detection of the keratinized mucosa around implants, PI and BOP between s‐CAIS and FH. |
| Kuo et al 2021 | Case Series | AZ | SI, PE | d‐CAIS | 10/10 | 1 | 12 mo | n/a | n/a | −0.76 ± 0.15 | n/a | The d‐CAIS for single implant placement in the esthetic zone demonstrated acceptable marginal bone level changes |
| Meloni et al 2013 | Prospective study | AZ, PS | FE | s‐CAIS | 12/72 | 6 | 24 mo | n/a |
BOP 3.8% PD 2.75 mm |
−1.35 ± 0.25 | n/a | Immediate s‐CAIS into fresh extraction sockets of fully edentulous ridges resulted in acceptable outcomes of marginal bone loss and peri‐implant mucosal condition. |
| Peñarrocha et al 2012 | Case control study | n/a | SI, PE |
s‐CAIS FH |
12/19 12/22 |
1.7 | 3 mo | n/a | n/a | n/a |
s‐CAIS: 2.9 mm FH: 3.2 mm |
The attached vestibular mucosa width was greater in FH group than that in s‐CAIS group, no statistical analysis was provided. |
| Polizzi et al 2013 | Retrospective study | AZ, PS | PE, FE | s‐CAIS | 27/160 | 5.92 | 61.3 mo | n/a |
Plaque: Implants 15% Patients 11% |
−1.39 ± 1.88 | n/a |
Mucosal conditions were reported as: ‐ 90% normal mucosa ‐ 7% mild inflammation; ‐ 1.75% moderate inflammation and BOP |
| Pozzi, et al 2021 | Prospective study | AZ, PS | PE, FE | d‐CAIS | 10/60 | 6 | 16 mo | n/a |
BOP Implants 14.5% Plaque Implants 7.15% |
−0.53 ± 0.28 | n/a | The d‐CAIS in fully edentulous patients demonstrated good treatment outcomes in marginal bone changes and peri‐implant soft tissue conditions. |
| Velasco‐Ortega et al 2021 | Prospective clinical study | AZ, PS | FE | s‐CAIS | 22/198 | 9 | 84 mo | 9.3%/45.4% | n/a | −1.44 ± 0.45 | n/a |
1. Peri‐implantitis and 2. Marginal bone loss was higher in edentulous patients with history of smoking |
| Velasco‐Ortega et al 2021 | Prospective cohort study | AZ | FE | s‐CAIS | 14/28 | 2 | 44.7 mo | 14.3%/14.3% | n/a | 1.25 ± 0.94 | n/a |
1. Peri‐implantitis was more frequent in ‐ patients with a history of smoking and periodontitis. 2. Marginal bone loss was higher in patients ‐ older than 70‐y‐old ‐ followed more than 5 y |
Abbreviations: AZ, esthetic zone; BOP, bleeding on probing; d‐CAIS, dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery; FE, fully edentulous; FH, freehand placement; n/a, the data were not provided in the articles; PD, pocket depth; PE, partially edentulous; PS, posterior; RCT, randomized clinical trial; s‐CAIS, static computer‐assisted implant surgery; SD, standard deviation; SI, single implants.