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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 31.
Published in final edited form as: Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 Oct 7;106:110286. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110286

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

DECM expansion of chondrocytes improved their resistance to TNF-α-induced inflammatory stress. (A) TCPS- or DECM-expanded chondrocytes were induced to redifferentiation in the presence of 1 ng/mL or 5 ng/mL of TNF-α for 21 days. (B) Safranin O (S.O.) was used to stain sulfated GAGs and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) was used to detect COL II. Scale bar = 500 μm. (C-E) The mRNA levels of COL2A1 (C), ACAN (D), and SOX9 (E) were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Values are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. of four independent experiments (n = 4) in RT-qPCR experiments. Statistically significant differences are indicated by * p < 0.05 or ** p < 0.01 between the indicated groups; # p < 0.05 or ## p < 0.01 versus TCPS-expanded pellets without TNF-α treatment; Ψ p < 0.05 or ΨΨ p < 0.01 versus DECM-expanded pellets without TNF-α treatment.