Table 1.
Association of anthropometric features and cardiovascular risk factors in participants of the UKB with delta age.
| Covariate | Info () |
Adjust for age, sex | Adjust for all | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect size | -value | Effect size | -value | ||
| Sex (male) | 17607 (48.4%) | −0.56 (−0.71, −0.41) | 4.7e-13 | −1.15 (−1.31, −0.98) | 4.1e-42 |
| Age | 64.25 (±7.57) | −0.37 (−0.38, −0.36) | 0.0e+00 | −0.40 (−0.41, −0.39) | 0.0e+00 |
| Education | – | – | 4.6e-18 | – | 2.4e-06 |
| Secondary (ref. level) | 14437 (40.1%) | – | – | – | – |
| Tertiary | 19186 (53.3%) | −0.69 (−0.85, −0.53) | 1.7e-17 | −0.41 (−0.57, −0.25) | 9.7e-07 |
| Other | 2343 (6.5%) | 0.04 (−0.29, 0.36) | 0.83 | 0.01 (−0.33, 0.34) | 0.98 |
| History of health problems: | |||||
| Diabetes | 1979 (5.5%) | 0.81 (0.47, 1.15) | 2.2e-06 | −0.22 (−0.58, 0.14) | 0.23 |
| Hypertension | 8419 (23.2%) | 1.85 (1.67, 2.04) | 3.7e-88 | 0.77 (0.56, 0.97) | 2.1e-13 |
| Angina | 727 (2.0%) | 0.88 (0.34, 1.42) | 1.5e-03 | 0.11 (−0.48, 0.70) | 0.72 |
| Stroke | 366 (1.0%) | 1.47 (0.71, 2.23) | 1.6e-04 | 0.99 (0.20, 1.78) | 0.014 |
| Heart attack | 524 (1.4%) | 1.49 (0.85, 2.13) | 4.6e-06 | 1.43 (0.75, 2.12) | 4.1e-05 |
| Physiological measurements: | |||||
| BMI | 26.62 (±4.25) | 0.24 (0.22, 0.25) | 3.6e-149 | 0.16 (0.14, 0.18) | 3.8e-55 |
| MAP | 81.11 (±8.89) | 0.13 (0.12, 0.14) | 9.9e-173 | 0.10 (0.09, 0.11) | 3.0e-80 |
| LDL [mM] | 3.58 (±0.82) | 0.15 (0.05, 0.24) | 2.6e-03 | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.13) | 0.52 |
| Lifestyle: | |||||
| Smoking | – | – | 6.2e-11 | – | 1.6e-04 |
| Never / rarely smoked (ref. level) | 22477 (62.5%) | – | – | – | – |
| Active smoker | 1300 (3.6%) | 0.50 (0.09, 0.92) | 0.017 | 0.41 (−0.01, 0.84) | 0.056 |
| Smoked in the past | 12212 (33.9%) | 0.56 (0.40, 0.72) | 2.3e-11 | 0.34 (0.17, 0.51) | 7.9e-05 |
| Alcohol at least 3x per week | 16405 (45.2%) | 0.24 (0.09, 0.39) | 2.3e-03 | 0.33 (0.17, 0.49) | 6.3e-05 |
| Days of moderate PA per week | 3.72 (±1.87) | −0.16 (−0.20, −0.11) | 8.4e-14 | −0.020 (−0.071, 0.030) | 0.43 |
| Days of vigorous PA per week | 1.93 (±1.58) | −0.25 (−0.30, −0.20) | 1.1e-24 | −0.16 (−0.22, −0.10) | 2.0e-07 |
The “Info” column lists the number of corresponding participants for categorical features (with the percentage of the total population in parentheses) or the mean value for numerical features (with the standard deviation in parentheses). -values and effect sizes in the left double-column are adjusted for age and sex (or only sex for the age-row and vice versa). In the right double-column, the adjustment also includes all other parameters listed in the table. In the “Effect size” columns, values in parentheses denote the lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval. -values smaller than the Bonferroni-corrected threshold () are highlighted in bold. BMI, body mass index; MAP, mean arterial pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PA, physical activity.