. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Stress Health. 2022 Jul 9;39(1):209–218. doi: 10.1002/smi.3182

Table 3.

Associations between Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Indices in the Full Sample

Sleep Outcome
Wrist Actigraphy (n = 36)	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3

	B	β	95% CI	R²	B	β	95% CI	R²	B	β	95% CI	R²
Sleep Efficiency	−0.27	−0.09	[−1.34, 0.81]	0.01	−0.37	−0.12	[−1.44, 0.70]	0.29	−0.21	−0.07	[−1.31, 0.88]	0.33
Total Sleep Time	−0.28	−0.01	[−7.96, 7.40]	0.00	−0.92	−0.04	[−8.86, 7.02]	0.23	0.020	0.00	[−8.18, 8.23]	0.26
Wake After Sleep Onset	4.07	0.27	[−0.95, 9.08]	0.07	4.64	0.31	[−0.83, 10.10]	0.21	4.21	0.28	[−1.49, 9.91]	0.22
Daily Diary (n = 38)	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3

	B	β	95% CI	R²	B	β	95% CI	R²	B	β	95% CI	R²

Sleep Efficiency	−0.55	−0.18	[−1.60, 0.49]	0.03	−0.92	−0.29	[−2.12, 0.28]	0.13	−0.75	−0.24	[−1.96, 0.46]	0.18
Total Sleep Time	2.99	0.13	[−4.93, 10.92]	0.02	0.7	0.03	[−8.16, 9.56]	0.16	2.12	0.09	[−6.68, 10.93]	0.23
Wake After Sleep Onset	2.31	0.31	[−0.10, 4.71]	0.09	2.37	0.32	[−0.41, 5.14]	0.18	1.79	0.24	[−0.88, 4.47]	0.29
Sleep Onset Latency	0.62	0.12	[−1.11, 2.36]	0.01	1.04	0.20	[−0.94, 3.03]	0.12	0.96	0.19	[−1.10, 3.02]	0.12
Sleepiness	0.47^**	0.48^**	[0.18, 0.77]	0.23	0.40^*	0.40^*	[0.06, 0.74]	0.29	0.39^*	0.39^*	[0.03, 0.74]	0.30
Fatigue	0.41^**	0.44^**	[0.13, 0.70]	0.19	0.37^*	0.39^*	[0.04, 0.70]	0.26	0.37^*	0.39^*	[0.02, 0.71]	0.26
Sleep Quality	−0.40^**	−0.51^**	[−0.63, −0.17]	0.26	−0.39^**	−0.50^**	[−0.63, −0.15]	0.44	−0.35^**	−0.44^**	[−0.58, −0.11]	0.50
Self-report Questionnaire (n = 43)	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3

	B	β	95% CI	R²	B	β	95% CI	R²	B	β	95% CI	R²

PSQI Score	0.47^**	0.40^**	[0.13, 0.81]	0.16	0.47^*	0.39^*	[0.09, 0.85]	0.24	0.43^*	0.36^*	[0.06, 0.80]	0.30
ISI Score	0.53^*	0.33^*	[0.05, 1.01]	0.11	0.47	0.29	[−0.03, 0.98]	0.28	0.44	0.27	[−0.07, 0.94]	0.30

Note. Model 1 = unadjusted, Model 2 = adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education, Model 3 = adjusted for Model 2 covariates and body mass index; B = unstandardized regression coefficients (95% CIs are unstandardized), β = standardized regression coefficients; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, ISI = Insomnia Severity Index;

p < .05,

^**

p < .01,

^***

p<.001.