Table 2. Water analysis (mean ± SE) in tap and tilapia bone-treated water.

Elements		Tap water	Treated water	p-value	MPL
Physicochemical analysis
pH		7.7a ± 0.07	7.3b ± 0.04	0.001	6.5–8.0
EC (μS/cm)		642.0a ± 0.00	148.3b ± 0.07	0.001	200
TDS (mg/l)		430.1a ± 0.71	99.3b ± 0.19	0.0002	500
DO (mg/l)		5.7b ± 0.01	10.6a ± 0.02	0.000	10
Total alkalinity (mg/l)		92.1a ± 0.04	34.4b ± 0.05	0.000	120
Total hardness (mg/l CaCO3)		68.8a ± 0.03	22.7b ± 0.05	0.000	500
PO4 (mg/l) SO4 (mg/l)		0.0a ± 0.00	0.0a ± 0.00	--	0.1
		55.8a ± 0.04	4.3b ± 0.04	0.001	250
NO3 (mg/l)		9.1a ± 0.03	0.7b ± 0.04	0.001	45
Electrolytes analysis
Na+ (mg/l)		130.0a ± 0.33	95.5b ± 0.09	0.000	200
K+ (mg/l)		12.2a ± 0.33	2.8b ± 0.02	0.001	10
Ca2+ (mg/l)		55.6a ± 0.05	29.5b ± 0.03	0.002	75
Mg2+ (mg/l)		26.2a ± 0.04	9.0b ± 0.02	0.001	50
Cl− (mg/l)		126.4a ± 0.09	88.8b ± 0.06	0.001	200
Heavy metals analysis
Fe2+ (mg/l)		0.06a ± 0.01	0.00b ± 0.00	0.001	0.0
Cu2+ (mg/l)		0.06a ± 0.00	0.00b ± 0.00	0.001	1.0
Zn2+ (mg/l)		1.20a ± 0.02	0.0b ± 0.00	0.001	5.0
Pb2+ (mg/l)		0.0a ± 0.00	0.0a ± 0.00	--	0.05
Microbial assessment
TBC (CFU/ml) TEC (CFU/ml)		4.13a ± 0.01	1.96b ± 0.01	0.000	Zero
		2.36a ± 0.074	0.18b ± 0.061	0.000	Zero
TSC (CFU/ml)		0.33a ± 0.01	0.00b ± 0.00	0.005	Zero

EC=Electrical conductivity as μS/cm, TDS=Total dissolved solids as mg/l, DO=Dissolved oxygen as mg/l, T. alkalinity=Total alkalinity as mg/l, T. hardness= Total hardness as mg/l CaCO₃, PO₄=Phosphate as mg/l, SO₄=Sulfate as mg/l, NO₃=Nitrate as mg/l, Na⁺=Sodium as mg/l, K⁺=Potassium as mg/l, Ca²⁺=Calcium as mg/l, Mg²⁺=Magnesium as mg/l, Cl⁻=Chloride as mg/l, Fe²⁺=Iron as mg/l, Cu²⁺=Cobber as mg/l, Zn²⁺=Zinc as mg/l, Pb²⁺=Lead as mg/l, TBC=Total bacterial logarithmic counts as CFU/ml, TEC=Total Enterobacteriaceae logarithmic counts as CFU/ml, TSC=Total Salmonella logarithmic counts as CFU/ml, SE=Standard error.