Table 2.
Studies on effect of supplemental nutrition on muscle among the Indian population.
| Author & year | Study design | Participants | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gupta et al., 2010 [103] | A double-blind randomized study | 40 participants (20-40 years) randomized into either supplement arm or placebo arm | Supplementation consisted of cholecalciferol sachet (60000 IU) or placebo (lactose) consumed thrice weekly for 8 weeks followed by once monthly for 4 months along with daily calcium carbonate supplementation | Muscle strength and physical performance |
| Goswami et al., 2012 [104] | A randomized controlled trial with a factorial design | 173 healthy female adults | 4 combinations of intervention were carried out using a combination of cholecalciferol, calcium and placebo: The cholecalciferol dose was set at 60,000 IU/wk for first 8 wk followed by twice a month for 4 months, Calcium carbonate twice daily for 6 months, containing 500 mg elemental calcium and placebo (lactose). | No significant change in muscle strength and physical performance. |
| Wankhede et al., 2015 [105] | A prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled parallel group trial | Healthy adult males 18-50 years randomized to treatment or placebo | Resistance exercise 3 times per week for 8 weeks with either 300 mg ashwagandha root extract or placebo (300 mg starch). | Significant increase in muscle strength and size in both groups from baseline. Increase significantly higher in treatment group compared to placebo. |
| Saha S et al., 2018 [106] | A randomized controlled trial with a two-by-two factorial design | 228 healthy young males randomized. 180 participants completed the study | 4 intervention groups namely, placebo/placebo, placebo/calcium, cholecalciferol/placebo, and cholecalciferol/calcium. The cholecalciferol dose was set at 60,000 IU/week for 8 weeks followed by fortnightly for 4 months, calcium carbonate consisting of 500 mg elemental calcium, twice daily. | No significant effect observed on muscle strength |
| Unni US et al., 2012 [90] | Randomized controlled trial | 40 young adults (18-35 years) divided equally into undernourished (UN) and well nourished (WN) based on BMI | Participants from each group (UN and WN) were divided into either high lysine or low lysine diet. The high lysine group received 80 mg/kg/day lysine whereas the low lysine group received a range of 25–40 mg/kg/day of lysine. | Significant change observed on upper muscle strength with high lysine diet. Change in muscle strength not accompanied by change in muscle mass or insulin sensitivity |