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. 2023 Jan 2;8:3. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01225-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Oxytocin treatment increases social novelty and decreases repetitive behaviors in SCGN-deficiency mice. a Schematic of social novelty recognition (three-chamber) test. Time spent interacting with S1(a familiar mouse) or S2 (a novel mouse) is shown for each genotype when injected with Control-shRNA EGFP and Scgn-shRNA EGFP AAV virus in PVN. b Representative heatmaps showing the duration and location of the shControl and shScgn mice during the 10 min social novelty recognition test. Warmer colors (red) indicate a greater amount of time spent exploring by the mice. shControl: PVN Control-shRNA injection mouse. shScgn: PVN Scgn-shRNA injection mouse. DMSO: 0.1% DMSO administration. OXT: 1 mg/kg Oxytocin administration. S1: a familiar mouse. S2: a novel mouse. c Bar chart showing chamber times spending interacted with S1 or a novel mouse S2 of shControl and shScgn mouse. S1: a familiar mouse. center: center region in chamber. S2: a novel mouse. shScgn: PVN Scgn-shRNA injection mouse. DMSO: 0.1% DMSO administration. OXT: 1 mg/kg Oxytocin administration. S1: a familiar mouse. S2: a novel mouse. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05. ns not significant. d Bar chart showing sniffing times spending with S1 or S2 of shControl and shScgn mouse. DMSO: 0.1% DMSO-treated. OXT: 1 mg/kg Oxytocin-treated. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05. e Statistics of the social preference index (S2-S1/total) from chamber time in c. P-values were calculated using t-test. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01. (f) Statistics of the social preference index (S2-S1/total) from sniffing time in d. P-values were calculated using t-test. ***p < 0.001. g Statistics of marbles burying numbers in shControl and shScgn mice treated with DMSO or OXT. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. n = 12. ***p < 0.001. ns not significant. h Statistics of self-grooming times in shControl and shScgn mice treated with DMSO or OXT. The data were presented as the mean ± SD. n = 12. ***p < 0.001. ns not significant