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. 2022 Dec 19;13:1083462. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083462

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Copyright © 2022 Li and Liu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Regulatory mechanisms of NK cells and ADCC. The activating receptors of NK cells are NKG2D, CD94/NKG2C, NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, recombinant NK cell receptor 2B4 (NKR2B4, 2B4), NKp80, NTB-A, and CD59, and the inhibiting receptors are KIR, LIRs, and TIGIT. CISH normally inhibits IL-15/IL15R signaling in NK cells. The main cytokines secreted by NK cells are CX3CL1, chemokine (C motif) ligand 1 (XCL1), IL10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF. HLA-G and HLA-E expressed by tumor cells bind to inhibitory receptors KIR2DL4 and CD94/NKG2A of NK cells respectively to exert immunosuppressive effects; CD137 counteracts the immunosuppression caused by the overexpression of TGF-β by tumor cells. The figure was drawn by Figdraw.