FIGURE 2.

Regulatory roles of m⁶A effector proteins. The m⁶A effectors, including writer proteins (i.e., m6A methyltransferase complex: core subunits METTL3 and METTL14 and additional adaptors proteins including WTAP, ZC3H13, VIRMA, METTL16, RBM15/15B, HAKAI, and KIAA1429); eraser proteins (i.e., RNA demethylases: FTO and ALKBH5), and reader (three classes of reader proteins: ➀ YTH-domain-containing proteins, including YTHDC1, YTHDC2, YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and YTHDF3; ➁ proteins favoring RNA-binding events, including HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPC, and HNRNPG; ➂ RNA binding proteins, including eIF3, IGF2BP1, IGF2BP2, and IGF2BP3). With the development of RNA modification detection technology, m⁶A modifications have been determined to functionally regulate the transcriptome of eukaryotes and processes, such as mRNA stability, splicing, nucleation, localization, and translation.