Table 1.
Summary of subgroup analysis
| Cohort | Sample (N) | Control (N) | Sample | Effect size [CI] | I2 | Fail-safe N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All individuals | 1,544 | 1,248 | Plasma and serum | 0.87 [0.57, 1.16] | 91.8% | 3,638.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Sample | |||||||
| Serum measurement | 1,385 | 1,093 | Serum | 0.87 [0.56, 1.17] | 91.2% | 2,566.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Plasma measurement | 159 | 155 | Plasma | 0.89 [-0.11, 1.88] | 93.5% | 89.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Assay | |||||||
| ELISA | 1,144 | 902 | Plasma and serum | 0.91 [0.44, 1.39] | 95.6% | 1,449.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Immunoluminometric | 400 | 346 | Plasma and serum | 0.82 [0.49, 1.14] | 75.5% | 3,638.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Medication status | |||||||
| Medicated individuals | 343 | 214 | Plasma and serum | 0.73 [0.01, 1.46] | 92.9% | 158.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Non-medicated individuals | 466 | 412 | Plasma and serum | 1.08 [0.68, 1.48] | 86.2% | 714.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Medicated and unmedicated individuals | 735 | 622 | Plasma and serum | 0.79 [0.25, 1.33] | 92.3% | 422.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Patient setting | |||||||
| Inpatient | 970 | 781 | Plasma and serum | 0.99 [0.64, 1.34] | 90.4% | 2,458.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Outpatient | 174 | 112 | Plasma and serum | 0.21 [-0.42, 0.84] | 83.3% | 2.00 (p<0.001) | |
| Mixed cohorts including outpatients and inpatients | 60 | 55 | Serum | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Not stated | 340 | 300 | Serum | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
This table depicts the subgroup meta-analysis effect sizes based on sample source, assay conducted, medication status and patient setting.
ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; CI, confidence interval; N/A, not applicable