Table 1.

Demographic Characteristics of Included Studies.

Authors	Study design	Mean age	Male %	Mean follow-up, mo	Study quality
Ayres et al 9	Retrospective case series	52	Not reported	14	7
Büchler and Aiken 10	Retrospective case series	37	94	15	8
Burton et al 11	Retrospective case series	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	10
Granowitz and Vainio 12	Retrospective case series	41	17	50	9
Khuri 13	Retrospective case series	52	50	8	6
Leibovic and Strickland 4	Retrospective comparative series	49	Not reported	Not reported	17
Leonard and Capen 14	Retrospective case series	Not reported	62	Not reported	4
McGlynn et al 15	Retrospective case series	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	6
Novoa-Parra et al 16	Retrospective case series	60	100	20	10
Sabbagh et al 17	Retrospective case series	54	Not reported	72	7
Seitz et al 18	Retrospective case series	54	71	Not reported	5
Tan et al 19	Retrospective case series	48	Not reported	8	11
Wright and McMurtry 20	Retrospective case series	49	Not reported	48	9
Lewis et al 21	Retrospective case series	51	Not reported	6	4
Potenza 22	Retrospective case series	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	2

Note. Study quality was assessed using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies scoring system.