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. 2022 Sep 10;191(1):515–527. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac423

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Ectopic expression of DEF8 in Arabidopsis. A, DEF8 expression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Arabidopsis plants harboring 35S::DEF8-GFP (OE-1, OE-2) were sampled to determine the relative expression of DEF8. Values are mean ± sd, n = 3. Actin1 was used as an internal control. B and C, OE-1 and OE-2 are more tolerant to Cd. Seedlings were grown on 1/2× MS medium with 0 µM, 20 µM, or 30 µM Cd for 7 days (B), and root length was measured (C). D, Cd contents in shoot and root. Four-week-old plants grown in hydroponics were treated with 10 µM Cd for 3 days before sampling for ICP-MS determination of Cd contents. Bar = 1 cm in (B). Values are mean ± sd, n = 12 in (C), 5–8 in (D). Significant differences were determined by ANOVA test (P < 0.05).