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. 2022 Sep 25;40(12):1107–1121. doi: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac069

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Wnt inhibition improves the efficiency of GnRH neuron differentiation. (A) Protein–protein interaction analysis of downregulated genes in GnRH^GABA branch. (B) Schematic of the differentiation protocols w/o XAV939 treatment. (C) RT-qPCR results show that DLX1, DLX5, and GAD2 are upregulated with Wnt inhibition along with GNRH1. The mRNA expression levels were compared with D0 samples. (D) Quantification of the ratio of generated GnRH neurons from flow cytometry analysis results. (E) Immunofluorescence staining shows that there are more GnRH neurons (green) generated with Wnt inhibition (XAV939). Arrows indicate GnRH neurons. Scale bar = 100 µm. (F) Secretion of GnRH decapeptides were measured with ELISA. D = days of differentiation. Data are represented as mean ± SD. Asterisks indicate the following: *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.