Table 1.
Characteristics, clinical outcomes and discharge disposition for patients admitted with COVID-19
| All patients | No PLOS (LOS ≤ 7 days) | PLOS (LOS > 7 days) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1366) | (n = 720; 52.7%) | (n = 646; 47.3%) | P-value | |
| Age, mean ± SD(years) | 60 ± 18 | 57.5 ± 19.1 | 62.1 ± 16.4 | <0.001 |
| Age quintile | <0.001 | |||
| 18–43 | 281 (20.6) | 194 (26.9) | 87 (13.5) | |
| 43–56 | 273 (20.0) | 142 (19.7) | 131 (20.3) | |
| 56–65 | 265 (19.4) | 125 (17.4) | 140 (21.7) | |
| 65–77 | 274 (20.1) | 123 (17.1) | 151 (23.4) | |
| ≥77 | 273 (20.0) | 136 (18.9) | 137 (21.2) | |
| Female sex | 585 (43) | 327 (45.5) | 258 (39.9) | 0.023 |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.189 | |||
| White | 545 (43.5) | 289 (43.3) | 256 (43.8) | |
| African American/Black | 147 (11.7) | 88 (13.2) | 59 (10.1) | |
| Hispanic | 478 (38.2) | 253 (37.9) | 225 (38.5) | |
| Other | 82 (6.6) | 37 (5.6) | 45 (7.7) | |
| Primary language | 0.181 | |||
| English | 781 (58.7) | 422 (60.5) | 359 (56.8) | |
| Non-English | 549 (41.3) | 276 (39.5) | 273 (43.2) | |
| Housing prior to admission | <0.001 | |||
| Private home | 999 (77.1) | 512 (74.9) | 487 (79.7) | |
| ALF/PAC facility | 250(19.3) | 133 (19.4) | 117 (19.2) | |
| Undomiciled/Shelter | 46 (3.6) | 39 (5.7) | 7 (1.2) | |
| Primary insurance | 0.051 | |||
| Medicare/Commercial/VA/Self | 956 (71.4) | 486 (69.0) | 470 (74.0) | |
| Medicaid | 364 (27.2) | 210 (29.8) | 154 (24.3) | |
| Uninsured | 19 (1.4) | 8 (1.1) | 11 (1.7) | |
| CCI | <0.001 | |||
| CCI 0 | 419 (30.7) | 265 (36.8) | 154 (23.8) | |
| CCI 1 + 2 | 522 (38.2) | 267 (37.1) | 255 (39.5) | |
| CCI 3+ | 425 (31.1) | 188 (26.1) | 237 (36.7) | |
| ICU and intubation | <0.001 | |||
| ICU stay without intubation | 72 (5.3) | 24 (3.3) | 48 (7.4) | |
| ICU stay with intubation | 349 (25.6) | 31 (4.3) | 318 (49.2) | |
| Discharge disposition | <0.001 | |||
| Home without HHA | 566 (41.9) | 417 (58.5) | 149 (23.3) | |
| Home with HHA | 187 (13.8) | 187 (13.8) | 85 (13.3) | |
| PAC facility | 425 (31.1) | 131 (18.2) | 294 (45.5) | |
| Psychiatric hospital | 7 (0.5) | 5 (0.7) | 2 (0.3) | |
| Hospice | 7 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 5 (0.8) | |
| Deceased | 174 (12.9) | 63 (8.8) | 111 (17.2) | |
| 30-day readmission (1 or more) | 396 (29.0) | 188 (26.1) | 208 (32.3) | 0.014 |
| LOS median and IQR (days) | 7 (4; 15) | 4 (3; 7) | 15 (10; 29) | <0.001 |
| LOS mean ± SD (days) | 12.6 ± 15.0 | 4.0 ± 1.8 | 22.1 ± 17.4 |
Abbreviations: ALF = assisted living facility; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; HHA = home health agency; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; IRF = inpatient rehabilitation facility; LOS = length of stay; PAC = post acute care; PLOS = prolonged length of stay; SD = standard deviation; VA = Veterans Affairs.