Figure 3.

The divergent immunological features of B cells in non-ICU and ICU patients with COVID-19

(A) Representative data of CD19⁺CD27⁺CD38⁺ plasmablasts (left). Plasmablasts between HCs (n = 15) and non-ICU (n = 31) and ICU patients with COVID-19 (n = 20) were evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests (right).

(B) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) representation of subclustered B cells from HCs (n = 13) and COVID-19 samples (n = 18 from 10 patients).

(C) Heatmap of chemoattractant receptors³⁶ among HCs and non-ICU and ICU patients with COVID-19 in clusters of both plasmablasts and Ki67⁺ plasmablasts. Average expression per subject is shown.

(D) Representative data of CXCR3 expression on CD19⁺CD27⁺CD38⁺ plasmablasts in patients with COVID-19 (left). CXCR3⁺ plasmablasts between non-ICU (n = 31) and ICU (n = 20) patients with COVID-19 were evaluated by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test (right). FMO, fluorescence minus one.

(E) Correlation between activated PD-1^highCXCR5^– Tph cells and CXCR3⁺ plasmablasts (both non-ICU and ICU, n = 51). Linear regression is shown with 95% confidence interval (gray area). Correlation statistics is two-tailed Spearman’s rank correlation test.

Data are represented as mean ± SEM (A and D).

See also Figures S5–S7.