Fig. 3.

Association between demographic characteristics and PHQ-4 score. Notes: Figure shows output from linear regression of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-4 score on respondents' demographic characteristics with robust standard errors. ‘Female’ is an indicator for female gender. ‘Village’ is an indicator for living in a village as opposed to an urban area. ‘Has long-term health cond.’ indicates that the respondent has a long-term health condition. For other variables shown, the reference category is included in the title (indicated by ‘ref’). Point estimates showing associations are linear regression coefficients, and that the dotted red line indicates a linear association of 0, the null hypothesis against which the estimated regression coefficient is tested against. 95% confidence intervals are shown.