Table 2:

Microbiologic Testing and Discharge Diagnoses

Category	Pre-Implementation Controls (n=1124)	Post-Implementation Cases (n=1127)	P Value
Overall Testing
Number of Singleplex PCR Tests per CSF Specimen			<0.0001
0	539 (50%)	969 (90%)
1	289 (27%)	97 (9%)
>2	255 (24%)	7 (1%)
CSF Singleplex PCR Positive	72 (6%)	4 (0%)
MEP Testing Performed	N/A	805 (72%)
MEP Positive	N/A	102 (13%)
Time to Positive CSF Test Result (hrs)	8.6 (5, 17)	4.6 (3.1, 6)	<0.0001
Bacterial Testing
Positive Gram Stain	11 (1%)	16 (1%)	0.4243
Positive CSF culture	17 (2%)	20 (2%)	0.7109
Positive MEP for bacteria	N/A	20/805 (2%)
Viral Testing (positive/tested)
Enterovirus detected in CSF by singleplex PCR	63/348 (18%)	1/25 (4%)
Enterovirus detected in CSF by MEP	N/A	55/805 (7%)
Enterovirus neurologic cases (any site)	68 (6%)	88 (8%)	0.1189
HSV detected in CSF by singleplex PCR	3/442 (1%)	3/80 (4%)
HSV detected in CSF by MEP	N/A	3/805 (0%)
HSV neurologic cases (any site)	13 (1%)	15 (1%)	0.8547
Parechovirus detected in CSF by singleplex PCR	5/72 (0%)	0/4 (0%)
Parechovirus detected in CSF by MEP	N/A	11/805 (1%)
Parechovirus neurologic cases (any site)	5 (0%)	12 (1%)	0.1456
HHV-6 detected in CSF by singleplex PCR	1/8 (13%)	0/3 (0%)
HHV-6 detected in CSF by MEP	N/A	13/805 (2%)
VZV detected in CSF by singleplex PCR	0/41 (0%)	0/5 (0%)
VZV detected in CSF by MEP	N/A	2/805 (0%)
CMV detected in CSF by singleplex PCR	0/16 (0%)	0/2 (0%)
CMV detected in CSF by MEP	N/A	0/805 (0%)
Fungal Testing (positives/tested)
Cryptococcus Ag detected in CSF	0/2 (0%)	0/2 (0%)
Cryptococcus detected in CSF by MEP	N/A	0/805 (0%)
Discharge Diagnosis
Neurologic Discharge Diagnosis	430 (38%)	499 (44%)	0.0017
Infectious Neurologic Disease Discharge Diagnosis	115 (10%)	167 (15%)	0.0298
Proportion due to Viral Cause	86 (75%)	124 (74%)
Proportion due to Bacterial Cause	27 (23%)	35 (21%)
Non-CNS Bacterial Infection	175 (16%)	178 (16%)	0.9149
Respiratory Viral Infection	253 (23%)	284 (25%)	0.1347