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Multistudy comparison of functional improvement. Comparison of mean ODI over time for the 2 level I RCTs and the chronic low back pain single-arm study.33,34,36,38 *SMART RCT US per protocol treatment arm at mean of 6.4 years. **Standard arm re-baselined and offered active treatment at a median of 5.8 months. BVN, basivertebral nerve; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; RCT, randomized clincial trial; SC, standard care.
