TABLE 2.
Summary of interview codes and themes.
| Theme/Meta-theme | Code | Leader (N = 35) n (%) | IC (N = 24) n (%) | Total references |
|
| ||||
| Remote Work Skills and Behaviors | ||||
| Personal Skills and Characteristics | ||||
| Technology literacy | 17 (49) | 6 (25) | 30 | |
| Being independent | 8 (23) | 6 (25) | 19 | |
| Communication | 9 (26) | 5 (21) | 20 | |
| Strong work ethic | 10 (29) | 7 (29) | 24 | |
| Ability to manage distractions | 4 (11) | 8 (33) | 14 | |
| Time management | 8 (23) | 4 (17) | 22 | |
| Personality (Extraversion) | 8 (23) | 3 (13) | 16 | |
| Proactivity | 0 (0) | 3 (13) | 3 | |
| Supporting coworkers | 4 (11) | 3 (13) | 10 | |
| Personal Behaviors, Actions, and Routines | ||||
| Setting a normal work schedule | 20 (59) | 22 (92) | 88 | |
| Being intentional about interactions | 14 (40) | 6 (25) | 39 | |
| Creating a dedicated workspace | 13 (37) | 5 (21) | 24 | |
| Time management | 12 (34) | 7 (29) | 26 | |
| Checking in with colleagues | 13 (37) | 5 (21) | 34 | |
| Engaging in informal team activities | 12 (34) | 6 (25) | 21 | |
| Adapted resources used | 10 (29) | 2 (8) | 16 | |
| Leader Behaviors | ||||
| Enabling | ||||
| Attentive to employee well-being | 3 (9) | 9 (38) | 12 | |
| Being available | 3 (9) | 6 (25) | 10 | |
| Check-ins | 2 (6) | 11 (46) | 17 | |
| Flexibility and providing supports | 8 (23) | 16 (67) | 42 | |
| Good communication | 3 (9) | 5 (21) | 9 | |
| Challenging | ||||
| Poor communication, direction | 3 (9) | 7 (29) | 25 | |
|
| ||||
| Enablers and Challenges for Working Remotely | ||||
|
| ||||
| Remote Work Enablers | ||||
| Organizational Culture | ||||
| Supporting Staff | 18 (51) | 14 (58) | 43 | |
| Positive perception of remote work | 14 (40) | 10 (29) | 33 | |
| Value-focused organization | 8 (23) | 4 (17) | 16 | |
| Embracing geographically dispersed teams | 4 (11) | 2 (8) | 11 | |
| Healthier life | 8 (23) | 10 (42) | 32 | |
| Remote Work Challenges | ||||
| Relationship building and maintenance | 28 (80) | 13 (38) | 70 | |
| Physical technology and equipment | 20 (57) | 9 (26) | 53 | |
| On-boarding and succession planning | 21 (60) | 10 (29) | 52 | |
| Connectivity and Wi-Fi | 17 (49) | 10 (29) | 39 | |
| Concerns of fairness and stigma | 15 (43) | 9 (26) | 39 | |
| Having a dedicated workspace | 15 (43) | 8 (33) | 35 | |
| Communication | 15 (43) | 8 (33) | 39 | |
| Performance management | 16 (46) | 6 (25) | 32 | |
| Work-life balance | 13 (54) | 8 (33) | 32 | |
| Work scheduling and time management | 9 (26) | 5 (21) | 23 | |
| Staying motivated | 5 (14) | 6 (25) | 16 | |
|
| ||||
| Management visibility | 6 (17) | 3 (13) | 11 | |
|
| ||||
| Remote Work Moving Forward | ||||
|
| ||||
| Skills to Develop | ||||
| Managing virtually | 19 (54) | 8 (33) | 41 | |
| Technology literacy | 18 (51) | 7 (29) | 32 | |
| Time management | 10 (29) | 14 (58) | 35 | |
| Maintaining rapport virtually | 15 (43) | 6 (25) | 34 | |
| Communication | 11 (31) | 8 (33) | 25 | |
| Virtual soft skills | 11 (31) | 3 (13) | 24 | |
| Self-management | 7 (20) | 6 (25) | 17 | |
| Required Organizational Culture Shifts | ||||
| Trust in remote workers | 19 (54) | 11 (46) | 58 | |
| ‘Camera-on’ culture | 10 (29) | 3 (13) | 17 | |
| Respect for work-life balance | 3 (9) | 1 (4) | 6 | |
| Maintaining changes | 17 (49) | 12 (50) | 49 | |
| Actions to enable remote work | ||||
| Provide technology and equipment | 26 (74) | 15 (63) | 74 | |
| Clear policies and procedures | 25 (71) | 15 (63) | 76 | |
| Listen to employee wants/needs | 21 (60) | 18 (75) | 68 | |
| Maintain office access | 19 (54) | 11 (46) | 46 | |
| Remote work training | 17 (49) | 7 (29) | 30 | |
| Communicating role expectations | 17 (49) | 6 (25) | 46 | |
| Clear cost expectations | 12 (34) | 4 (17) | 21 | |
| Relationship building opportunities | 7 (20) | 7 (29) | 24 | |
| Improve IT support | 9 (26) | 6 (25) | 30 | |
Total N = 59. IC, Individual Contributor. Percentages in brackets represent the percentage of the subsample (leaders or ICs) that were classified as contributing one or more statements to the code. Total References indicates the total number of statements coded under the code.