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. 2023 Jan 2;23:2. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03653-9

Table 3.

Summary of Key Results

Sample Size (%)
Total number of participants 2,481,887
Number of healthcare workers 945 (0.3%)
Number of older adults 2,480,9422,481,887 (99.7%)
Number of studies included n = 39
Study Location
 United States 30/39 (76.9%)
 Singapore 3/39 (7.7%)
 Japan 2/39 (5.1%)
 Canada 1/39 (2.6%)
 Hong Kong 1/39 (2.6%)
 Australia 1/39 (2.6%)
 Germany 1/39 (2.6%)
Study Design
 Interventional 34/39 (87.2%)
 Controlled 15/34 (44.1%)
 Randomized 5/34 (14.7%)
 Observational 5/39 (12.8%)
Type of pneumococcal vaccine
 PPV23 7/39 (17.9%)
 PVC13 1/39 (2.6%)
 Both PVC13 and PPV23 14/39 (35.8%)
Outcome Measures
 Vaccination rates n = 34
 Information or awareness scores n = 9
 Implementation outcomes n = 6
Pillar according to European Union Conceptional Framework for Action
 Information campaigns n = 15
 Prioritization of vaccination schemes n = 14
 Primary care interventions n = 10