TABLE 3.

Univariate and multivariable analyses of the clinical features for progression‐free survival

	Univariate analysis Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p‐value	Multivariate analysis Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p‐value
Sex
Female	1		1
Male	0.79 (0.62–1.01)	0.059	0.97 (0.68–1.38)	0.864
Age, years
<65	1		1
≥65	0.81 (0.65–1.00)	0.051	0.80 (0.63–1.01)	0.057
Smoking
Never smoker	1		1
Ever‐smoker	0.74 (0.58–0.93)	0.010	0.84 (0.60–1.18)	0.312
ECOG PS
0–1	1		1
≥2	1.62 (1.29–2.03)	<0.0001	1.84 (1.45–2.33)	<0.0001
Previous chemotherapy
No	1		1
Yes	1.73 (1.10–2.72)	0.018	1.18 (0.67–2.10)	0.574
Previous TKI
No	1		1
Yes	1.23 (0.97–1.57)	0.089	1.10 (0.83–1.46)	0.491
PD‐L1 expression
<50	1		1	<0.0001
≥50	0.57 (0.45–0.71)	<0.0001	0.62 (0.49–0.78)
ICI line
First‐line	1		1	0.071
Second−/later‐line	1.77 (1.17–2.66)	0.006	1.62 (0.96–2.72)
Driver mutation
No	1		1
Yes	1.12 (0.89–1.42)	0.334	1.10 (0.83–1.47)	0.523
Brain metastasis
No	1		1
Yes	1.11 (0.86–1.43)	0.442	1.15 (0.87–1.52)	0.333
Treatment
NMET group	1		1
MET group	0.72 (0.55–0.95)	0.018	0.69 (0.52–0.93)	0.013

Abbreviations: ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; MET, with concomitant administration of metformin and DDP4 inhibitor; NMET, without concomitant administration of metformin and DPP4 inhibitors (metformin or combination of metformin and DPP4 inhibitor); PD‐L1, programmed death‐ligand 1; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Note: Statistically significant p values of multivariate analysis are in bold type.