Table 2.
Information from studies reporting inciting activities leading to ACL injuries
| Study | Sex | Age (y) | Competitive level | Main aim | Tool | Injuries analysed (N) | Reported injury definition | Phase of play | Player location | Inciting activity (M–F) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faunø and Wulff Jakobsen [32] | M | 25.6, range 16–45 | Elite and lower levels | Inciting activity analysis | Questionnaires | 105 | Unclear | Not reported |
Opponents field: 59% Home field: 41% Opponents penalty box: 17% Home penalty box: 6% |
Landing: 25% Turning: 63% Other*: 12% |
| Kaneko et al. [33] | F | 17.4 ± 1.9 | Not reported | Inciting activity analysis | Questionnaires | 90 | No |
Attacking phase: 40% Defensive phase: 60% |
Not reported |
Clearing: 1% Cutting: 27% Dribbling: 16% Goalkeeping: 4% Heading: 3% Landing: 13% Loose ball: 7% Pass cutting: 4% Passing: 4% Pressing: 32% Shooting: 4% Sliding: 2% Stopping: 8% Trapping: 12% |
| Rochcongar et al. [34] | M | 25.5 ± 2 | Unclear | Inciting activity analysis | Questionnaires | 611 | Yes, not supported by any reference | Not reported | Not reported |
Tackled: 12% Tackling: 3% Accelerating/cutting: 2% Jumping: 2% Kicking: 6% Landing: 21% Pivoting: 33% |
| Faude et al. [35] | F | 22.4 ± 5.0 | Professional | Other | Report | 11 | Yes, supported by consensus reference | Not reported | Not reported |
Changing direction: 64% Foul play: 10% Tackling: 27% |
| Gupta et al. [36] | M & F | High school | High school | Other | Report | 277 | No | Not reported | Not reported |
General play: 17–24% Chasing loose ball: 18–22% Defending: 16–21% Passing/shooting: 16–12% Ball handling/dribbling: 13–10% Receiving pass/blocking shot: 10–7% Heading: 0–2% Other*: 10–2% |
| Takahashi et al. [37] | M & F |
M: 16.6 ± 0.9 F: 16.4 ± 0.9 |
High school | Inciting activity analysis | Report | 100 | No | Not reported | Not reported |
Cutting and stopping: 13–21% Landing: 8–6% Other*:: 79–73% |
| Brophy et al. [38] | M & F | Adults and collegiate* | Professional and not | Inciting activity analysis | Video analysis | 52 | No |
Ball possession: 27% No ball possession: 73% |
Not reported |
Tackled: 13% Tackling: 41–65% Cutting: 13–17% Dribbling: 3% Jumping: 3% Heading: 9% Kicking: 9–4% Receiving: 6–5% Running/jumping: 3–9% |
| De Carli et al. [39] | M | Adults* | Professional | Inciting activity analysis | Video analysis | 128 | No | Not reported |
Offensive half: 63% Defensive half: 37% |
Dribbling: 9% Passing: 6% Ball protection: 8% Shooting: 3% Stationary shooting: 1% Ball control: 8% Ball reception: 5% Ball recovery: 40% Other*: 20% |
| Della Villa et al. [40] | M | Adults* | Professional | Inciting activity analysis | Video analysis | 134 | No |
Attacking phase: 32% Defensive phase: 68% |
Defensive third: 37% Midfield third: 34% Offensive third: 29% Left side corridor: 25% Middle corridor: 50% Right side corridor: 25% |
Tackled: 18% Tackling: 11% Cutting: 1% Diving: 1% Dribbling: 1% Jumping: 1% Regaining balance after kicking: 14% Landing: 6% Pressing: 30% Receiving: 2% Other*: 12% |
| Grassi et al. [41] | M | Adults* | Professional | Inciting activity analysis | Video analysis | 34 | No |
Ball possession: 47% No ball possession: 53% |
Opponents field: 68% Home field: 32% |
Tackling: 15% Ball handling: 3% Crossing: 3% Defending: 9% Diving: 6% Dribbling: 18% Passing: 12% Pressing: 26% Running: 3% Shooting: 6% |
| Waldén et al. [42] | M | Adults* | Not reported | Inciting activity analysis | Video analysis | 39 | Yes, not supported by any reference |
Attacking phase: 23% Defensive phase: 77% |
Defensive middle: 21% Offensive middle: 23% Defensive third: 36% Offensive third: 21% |
Collision: 10% Screening: 8% Tackled: 15% Clearing: 8% Diving: 3% Dribbling: 3% Heading: 13% Regaining balance after kicking:13% Passing: 3% Pressing: 28% Receiving: 5% Running: 10% Shooting: 3% Twisting/turning: 3% |
| Lucarno et al. [43] | F | Adults* | Professional | Inciting activity analysis | Video analysis | 35 | No |
Attacking phase: 31% Defensive phase: 69% |
Defensive third: 28% Midfield third: 37% Offensive third: 12% Left-side corridor: 20% Middle corridor: 40% Right corridor: 40% |
Being tackled: 11% Pressing: 40% Tackling: 11% Landing: 3% Preparing to kick: 3% Regaining balance after kicking: 20% |
Competitive levels are reported as originally described by the studies. Participants’ age is reported as originally described in the studies. If this was not described it was either deduced by the study or, when this was not possible, it was reported as unclear and indicated in this table with an asterisk (*)
Percentages are calculated by dividing the total number of injuries that occurred during each activity, phase of play, or location by the total number of injuries that occurred. Activities reported as ‘Other’ indicate the percentage of injuries whose activities were not reported or were reported as other or unknown