Fig. 6.

Multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression illustrating the effects of velocity loss thresholds on countermovement jump (a) and running sprint time (c) after controlling for study duration (also see Table 4). For (a) and (c), larger data points received greater weighting than smaller data points. Dose–response relationship considering (1) individual study effect sizes (green circles); (2) average effect sizes of individual velocity loss thresholds (red circles); and (3) average effect sizes of low (≤ 15%), moderate (> 15% < 30%), and high (> 30%) grouped velocity loss thresholds (purple circles and lines) between velocity loss and countermovement jump (b) and running sprint (d) performance improvement. Black, solid, and dotted (non-vertical) lines represent estimated relationships and corresponding upper and lower 95% confidence intervals, whereas vertical dotted lines represent boundaries between velocity loss thresholds. MC mean change