Table 9.

Representation of Gender, Ethnicity, and Race in Clinical Trials by Disease Categories and Sub-Categories.

Data presented in each cell includes the proportion of trial participants, 95% confidence interval, and corresponding P-value. A total of 44 disease categories/subcategories were analyzed. Relative to the US Census proportion, red cells represent underrepresentation of the demographic group, white cells appropriate representation, and green cells overrepresentation. Infectious diseases category excluded vaccination clinical trials; psychiatric disorders category excluded substance use disorders; cardiovascular disorders category excluded stroke/cerebrovascular disease; dermatologic disorders include cosmetic and plastic surgery clinical trials; female and male genitourinary categories excluded kidney and bladder diseases; urinary category excludes diseases of the kidney and genital organs.