Table 2. DiD Estimates .
| Panel A: First Group OLS Estimates | Panel B: Second Group OLS Estimates | ||
| Dependent Variable: Perception of Future Financial Situation | Dependent Variable: Perception of Future Financial Situation | ||
| DiD estimator β3 (WFH * covidlock) | -0.1043*** (0.0339) | DiD estimator β3 (WFH * covidlock) | -0.0699** (0.0287) |
| No. observations | 14 520 | No. observations | 12 144 |
| R-square | 0.0294 | R-square | 0.0322 |
| F-Test for the parallel trends assumption | 1.0417 [.3531] | F-Test for the parallel trends assumption | 0.8235 [.4409] |
| Dependent Variable: GHQ-12 Caseness | Dependent Variable: GHQ-12 Caseness | ||
| DiD estimator β3 (WFH * covidlock) | 0.3625** (0.1432) | DiD estimator β3 (WFH *covidlock) | 0.0804 (0.0529) |
| No. observations | 14 520 | No. observations | 12 144 |
| R-square | 0.0378 | R-square | 0.0384 |
| F-Test for the parallel trends assumption | 0.9690 [.9416] | F-Test for the parallel trends assumption | 0.2918 [.7492] |
| Panel C: First Group FE-OLS Estimates | Panel D: Second Group FE-OLS Estimates | ||
| Dependent Variable: Perception of Future Financial Situation | Dependent Variable: Perception of Future Financial Situation | ||
| DiD estimator β3 (WFH * covidlock) | -0.1065*** (0.0169) | DiD estimator β3 (WFH * covidlock) | -0.0716** (0.0320) |
| No. observations | 14 520 | No. observations | 12 144 |
| R-square | 0.0118 | R-square | 0.0133 |
| F-Test for the parallel trends assumption | 0.0317 [.7361] | F-Test for the parallel trends assumption | 0.6838 [.5083] |
| Dependent Variable: GHQ-12 Caseness | Dependent Variable: GHQ-12 Caseness | ||
| DiD estimator β3 (WFH * covidlock) | 0.3726*** (0.1219) | DiD estimator β3 (WFH * covidlock) | 0.0782 (0.0543) |
| No. observations | 14 520 | No. observations | 12 144 |
| R-square | 0.0081 | R-square | 0.0349 |
| F-Test for the parallel trends assumption | 0.0262 [.8234] | F-Test for the parallel trends assumption | 0.4922 [.6216] |
Abbreviations: WFH, working from home; DiD, difference-in-differences; GHQ, 12-item General Health Questionnaire; OLS, ordinary least squares.
Standard errors in the parentheses and clustered at the household level. P-values within the square brackets. *** and ** indicate significance at 1% and 5% level. Regressions are weighted by the sampling survey weight.
Note: The first group in panels A and C refers to those who never worked from home during the pre-COVID-19 period and they work always from home during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The second group in panels B and D refers to those who never worked from home during the pre-COVID-19 period and they work from home occassionally during the COVID-19 lockdown period.