Table 3. Major, Sub and Basic Themes Derived From the Coding Process .

Main Themes	Sub-themes	Basic Themes
Infection dilemma and consequences of prolonged wait for test results		Source of infection Adherence to COVID-19 protocol at the time of infection Testing and time lag in the receipt of test results
Reaction after receiving test results showing positive		Mode of transmission of test results Physical and emotional reaction to positive test results Post-infection shocks
Experiences of stigmatization	Social stigmatization	Prejudices Stereotyping behaviors Emotionally charged labels
	Socially undermining behaviors	Loss of respect Modification of public perceptions
	Stigmatization against family and relatives	Avoidance of family/relative occupation Family removal from social contacts in the neighborhood Negative perceptions against family members
	Cultural elements and stigmatization	Traditional rituals for protection against COVID-19 Cultural interpretations of infection causing stigmatization
Discrimination in the family and community	Discrimination within the family structure	Discriminatory behaviors of family members Poor attention given to participants Literally victimized for being infected
	Restrictions in access and use of public facilities	Denial of access to community public facilities and recreational areas
Workplace discrimination	Unfair treatment	Unfair treatment by immediate supervisor Denial of opportunities at the workplace Negative orientations
	Modification in relational attitudes and orientation	Mood changes toward participants Unwelcoming attitude Relational barriers at the workplace
	Functional discrimination at work	Denial from the use of shared office tools and equipment Limited access to full complement office space
Social exclusion	Barriers to social life	Perceived threat to social order Limited access to social spaces
	Socially avoiding behaviors	Social neglect Social segregation
Sequels of the adverse experiences		Diminished happiness Low morale and self-confidence Reduced self-worth Frustration Worries Anxiety disorders Delayed recovery Distress Loneliness Fear Social withdrawal Insomnia
Coping mechanisms		Relying on social support systems from family/friends Believing in self Assertiveness Supplicatory prayers Supportive counseling Withdrawal from friends and society Aggressive behaviors Distancing behavior Poor commitment to work Organizational withdrawal

Abbreviation: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.