Table 4. Private Sector Roles .

Role	Actions	Outcome	Examples
Economic	Donations of PPE, ventilators, hospital beds, testing supplies, drugs, medical oxygen and cost of training for managing critical care patients	Support expansion of clinical care capacity locally	A large space dedicated to commercial activities was transformed into a transitory hospital to attend non-COVID-19 patients. It hosted 274 beds for low and middle complexity and was dismantled after five months of operation (Bogotá) A non-for-profit development agency collected approximately 6 million dollars to install 149 intensive care units. A total of 170 000 PPE was delivered to the public and private hospital network (Bogotá) An important private association donated to the University of Cartagena a robot to process large number of samples in its laboratory (Cartagena)
Strategic	Alliances with other organizations Implementation of periodic intersectoral committees Brokering relationships	Support decision-making Establish consensus on public health actions Promote intersectoral coordination by tackling common issues	The chambers of commerce in each city set up intersectoral tables to support decision-making and allocate responsibilities among key actors A non-profit development agency in Bogotá and Cali that brings in international cooperation resources and has close ties with national donors became a key actor in supporting local governments
Logistic	Providing access to networks and supply chain "know-how"	Involvement of key actors in production chains Optimization of logistic services	Textile industry supported national health bodies in the manufacture of facemasks and PPE to supply healthcare providers (Cartagena) Animal feed industry provided gelatine from bovine for producing antifungal or antimicrobial required to PCR tests (Bogotá) Non-for-profit development agency provided logistics for delivery of foodstuffs to vulnerable population (Cali)

Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PPE, personal protective equipment, PCR, polymerase chain reaction.