Table. An Overview of the 22 Identified Conceptual Frameworks and Models for Examining the Ways in Which Corporations Influence Health, and Their Key Features From a Power Perspective .

Author(s) and Year of Publication	Title of Framework Document	Explicit Reference to Power	Theory of Power Integrated Into the Framework	Key Features
Saloojee and Dagli, 2000	Tobacco industry tactics for resisting public policy on health	No	No	One of the first studies in the public health literature to aggregate strategies and tactics used by the tobacco industry to influence public health policy
Spitzer, 2005	A systemic approach to occupational and environmental health	Yes	No	Strong focus on the social structures that enable corporate power and reinforce population harm
Freudenberg and Galea, 2008	The impact of corporate practices on health: implications for health policy	No	No	The use of case studies from different industries to highlight how corporate practices influence health
Jahiel, 2008	Corporation-induced diseases, upstream epidemiologic surveillance, and urban health	Yes	No	Uses an upstream multilevel epidemiologic approach to explain the flow of corporate power through social environments
Holden and Lee, 2009	Corporate power and social policy: the political economy of the transnational tobacco companies	Yes	Yes – Farnsworth and Holden’s corporate power framework55	The use of power theory to examine the corporate involvement of transnational tobacco companies in social policy
Wiist, 2010	Tactics of the Corporation (In: The Bottom Line or Public Health)	Yes	No	Strong focus on treating the corporation as a distal, macro-level social structure
Freudenberg, 2012	The manufacture of lifestyle: The role of corporations in unhealthy living	Yes	No	Explores how corporations influence lifestyles that shape patterns of ill-health
Moodie et al, 2013	Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries	Yes	No	The use of extensive unhealthy product sales data across numerous countries to support claims
Millar, 2013	The corporate determinants of health: how big business affects our health, and the need for government action	Yes	No	Coined the phrase ‘corporate determinants of health’
Mialon et al, 2015	A proposed approach to systematically identify and monitor the corporate political activity of the food industry with respect to public health using publicly available information	No	No	Adapted existing tobacco industry-related corporate political activity frameworks to the food industry
Kickbusch et al, 2016	The commercial determinants of health	Yes	No	Defined and popularised the ‘CDoH’
Baum et al, 2016	Assessing the health impact of transnational corporations: its importance and a framework	Yes	No	Focus on both positive and negative effects of corporate actors; description of outcomes of corporate practices in broad range of social and environmental contexts
Knai et al, 2016	Systems thinking as a framework for analysing the commercial determinants of health	Yes	No	The use of a systems thinking framework in order to analyse a complex issue from multiple perspectives
Ulucanlar et al, 2016	The policy dystopia model: an interpretive analysis of tobacco industry political activity	Yes	No	Provides a comprehensive approach to understanding the discursive and instrumental political strategies used by tobacco corporations that influence public health policy
Madureira-Lima and Galea, 2018	Corporate practices and health: a framework and mechanisms	Yes	Yes – Lukes’ three faces of power 30,31	The use of power theory to explain how different corporate practices can translate into expressions of power, depending on the context in which the practice is deployed
Thorn, 2018	Addressing power and politics through action on the commercial determinants of health	Yes	No	Focus on political science literature critical of the pluralist view that business corporations are subordinate to the political process and an elected government
McKee and Stuckler, 2018	Revisiting the corporate and commercial determinants of health	Yes	Yes – VeneKlasen and Miller’s power framework56	The use of power theory to how the expression of corporate power is becoming increasingly hidden and invisible
Rochford et al, 2019	Reframing the impact of business on health: the interface of corporate, commercial, political and social determinants of health	Yes	No	Encourages a stronger focus on the positive aspects of the influence of business on health; explores the internal processes of business
Brown, 2019	Legislative capture: a critical consideration in the commercial determinants of public health	Yes	Yes – Flyvberg’s phronetic research methodology57	Draws from phronetic research methodology to explore the role of power and values in legislative capture by corporations
Eastmore et al, 2020	Non-market strategy as a framework for exploring commercial involvement in health policy: a primer	No	No	The use of a non-market strategy perspective from business literature to explore commercial involvement in health policy
Walls et al, 2020	Advancing alcohol research in low-income and middle-income countries: a global environment framework	Yes	No	Use of a novel conceptualisation of the alcohol environment to explore how alcohol corporations influence local alcohol use
Jamieson et al, 2020	Oral health inequalities and the corporate determinants of health: a commentary	Yes	Yes – Lukes’ three faces of power 30,31	Explores how corporate power influences oral health by integrating Lukes’ three faces of power with Kickbusch and colleagues’ channels of corporate power

Abbreviation: CDoH, commercial determinants of health.