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. 2021 May 24;11(8):1442–1450. doi: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.46

Table 5. Predisposing, Need, Enabling and Environmental Factors Models III and IV .

12 Months Access to Care OR Adjusted OR P > t Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Predisposing factors Gender F/M 1.02 0.98 .913 0.63 1.52
Education          
No school or less than primary          
Primary or secondary 0.60 0.64 .107 0.37 1.10
High or University 0.78 0.87 .536 0.56 1.36
Age          
15-34          
35-49 1.62 1.35 .113 0.93 1.95
≥50 1.27 1.04 .874 0.67 1.59
Ethnicity          
Tajik          
Pashtun 1.57 1.06 .838 0.63 1.76
Hazara 0.54 0.91 .840 0.38 2.20
Uzbek 0.62 1.19 .685 0.51 2.78
Other 1.35 1.16 .699 0.55 2.42
Need factors Severity  
None  
Mild 5.45 3.81 .000 2.08 6.97
Moderate 5.93 6.41 .000 4.02 10.24
Severe  10.19  6.04  .000  3.81  9.57 
Perceived impairment 5.90 3.79 .000 2.68 5.37
Enabling Income          
No income          
≥3000 1.15 1.10 .750 0.60 2.02
3001-6000 1.10 0.91 .734 0.51 1.61
6001-10 000 1.44 1.25 .395 0.75 2.10
>10 000 1.00 0.69 .305 0.35 1.39
Time to get to health post: <0.5          
1 hour 0.96 0.99 .942 0.67 1.45
>1 hour 0.92 0.79 .327 0.50 1.26
Environmental factors Rural/Urban 1.01 0.84 .398 0.57 1.25
Region          
Central/Kabul          
South 2.09 0.84 .775 0.26 2.75
East 0.98 0.96 .916 0.49 1.91
South West 1.59 2.06 .244 0.61 6.91
West 1.10 0.23 .019 0.07 0.78
North 0.79 0.32 .068 0.10 1.08
Central High Land 0.34 0.32 .096 0.09 1.22
North East 0.47 0.62 .214 0.30 1.31
Danger  
Low/middle  
High 0.64 0.22 .000 0.12 0.40
Very High  0.56  0.22  .012  0.07  0.72 
Exposure none          
1 to 4 events 2.43 1.84 .073 0.94 3.58
≥4 events 4.23 2.45 .011 1.23 4.87

Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.

Bold significant, P <.05