Li 2009.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: RCT Follow‐up: week 15
Participants	Country: China, Yangpu District of Shanghai City Setting: 1 mental health centre Inclusion criteria: participants qualified under the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders Version 3 diagnosis Standard PSQI total score > 7 Exclusion criteria: people with other major systematic disorders/dysfunctions (heart, liver, kidney, etc.) other mental disorders people with low compliance. Baseline characteristics: not reported Number of participants completing the study: 68 (IG 34, CG 34) Group differences: no differences between IG and CG in age, year, sex, disease course, education level, and PSQI score (P > 0.05).
Interventions	Intervention: 12 weeks of 1. morning exercise from 8.00 a.m. to 9.00 a.m. outdoor activities for 60 minutes, 2. afternoon activities according to participants' interest, such as painting, games, and music; 3. no napping: participants were allowed to go to bed only when sleepy without reading or television in bed as well as limited food intake 15–30 minutes before going to bed, and 4. getting up at 6.30 a.m. every morning. Control: usual care Co‐intervention: before study start, both groups received oral estazolam 1 mg (no further information available)
Outcomes	Sleep quality (PSQI)
Funding	Sponsorship source: unclear
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Sequence generation	Unclear risk	Study mentioned "randomization", but no details given on the method.
Allocation concealment	Unclear risk	Study mentioned "randomization", but no details given on the method.
Blinding of participants and personnel All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unknown.
Blinding of participants and personnel Subjective sleep quality (carer ratings)	Unclear risk	Unknown.
Blinding of participants and personnel Objective sleep measures	Unclear risk	Unknown.
Blinding of outcome assessors Objective outcome measures	Unclear risk	No information given.
Blinding of outcome assessors Subjective sleep quality (carer ratings)	Unclear risk	No information available.
Incomplete outcome data All outcomes	Low risk	Data for all outcomes provided.
Selective outcome reporting	Unclear risk	No study protocol available and the study was not registered.
Other sources of bias	Low risk	None.