Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants according to baseline self-reported weight loss in 2,017 older adults
| Characteristic | Total | Weight loss |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lost >3 kg | lost 1–3 kg | no weight loss | p value | ||
| Total, n (%) | 2,017 | 114 (5.6) | 219 (10.9) | 1,684 (83.5) | |
| Gender n (%) | |||||
| Women | 1,183 (58.7) | 67 (58.8) | 135 (61.6) | 981 (58.3) | 0.63 |
| Men | 834 (41.3) | 47 (41.2) | 84 (38.4) | 703 (41.8) | |
| Age, years, mean (±SD) | 73.3±5.7 | 74.1±6.1 | 73.1±6.0 | 73.3±5.6 | 0.27 |
| Age-group, n (%) | |||||
| 65–74 | 1,276 (63.3) | 68 (59.7) | 148 (67.6) | 1,060 (62.9) | 0.29 |
| ≥75 | 741 (36.7) | 46 (40.4) | 71 (32.4) | 624 (37.1) | |
| Weight, kg, mean (±SD) | 67.3±12.2 | 67.6±11.9 | 65.0±11.2 | 67.5±12.3 | 0.01 |
| BMI mean (±SD) | 25.1±3.7 | 25.1±3.7 | 24.4±3.1 | 25.1±3.7 | 0.03 |
| BMI group, kg/m2, n (%) | |||||
| Underweight <18.5 | 43 (2.2) | 3 (4.6) | 3 (7.01) | 37 (2.21) | 0.26 |
| Normal weight 18.5–24.9 | 1,067 (53.3) | 57 (50.4) | 130 (59.9) | 880 (52.6) | |
| Overweight 25–29.9 | 718 (35.8) | 40 (35.4) | 73 (33.6) | 605 (36.1) | |
| Obese ≥30 | 175 (8.7) | 13 (11.5) | 11 (5.07) | 151 (9.03) | |
| WC, mean (±SD) | 88.9±12.1 | 89.6±12.8 | 87.5±11.2 | 88.9±12.1 | 0.24 |
| WC group | |||||
| Nonabdominal obesity | 1,274 (70.7) | 70 (70) | 147 (75.8) | 1,057 (70.1) | 0.26 |
| Abdominal obesity | 528 (29.3) | 30 (30) | 47 (24.2) | 451 (29.9) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||||
| Never smoked | 1,179 (59.6) | 64 (56.6) | 133 (61.6) | 982 (59.6) | 0.68 |
| Past/current smoker | 799 (40.4) | 49 (43.4) | 83 (38.4) | 667 (40.5) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||||
| Low-moderate (≤24 g/day) | 1,608 (81.4) | 92 (80.7) | 173 (80.5) | 1,343 (81.6) | 0.91 |
| High (≥24 g/day) | 367 (18.6) | 22 (19.3) | 42 (19.5) | 303 (18.4) | |
| Education level, n (%) | |||||
| Not completed at least secondary school | 1,347 (66.9) | 80 (70.2) | 135 (61.9) | 1,132 (67.3) | 0.21 |
| Completed at least secondary school | 668 (33.1) | 34 (29.8) | 83 (38.1) | 551 (32.7) | |
| Living alone, n (%) | |||||
| Lives with others | 1,462 (72.6) | 87 (76.3) | 161 (73.5) | 1,214 (72.2) | 0.59 |
| Lives alone | 553 (27.4) | 27 (23.7) | 58 (26.5) | 468 (27.8) | |
| Chronic conditions,a n (%) | |||||
| No | 1,245 (61.7) | 57 (50) | 133 (60.7) | 1,055 (62.7) | 0.03 |
| Yes | 772 (38.3) | 57 (50) | 86 (39.3) | 629 (37.4) | |
| Recent cancer, n (%) | |||||
| No | 1,962 (97.3) | 108 (94.7) | 216 (98.6) | 1,638 (97.3) | 0.12 |
| Yes | 55 (2.7) | 6 (5.3) | 3 (1.4) | 46 (2.7) | |
| Cardiovascular ischemic pathologies,b n (%) | |||||
| No | 1,710 (84.8) | 85 (74.5) | 190 (86.8) | 1,435 (85.2) | 0.006 |
| Yes | 307 (15.2) | 29 (25.4) | 29 (13.2) | 249 (14.8) | |
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16 or MDD), n (%) | |||||
| No | 1,378 (69.1) | 60 (52.6) | 143 (65.9) | 1,175 (70.6) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 618 (30.9) | 54 (47.4) | 74 (34.1) | 490 (29.4) | |
BMI categories: underweight (<18.5), normal (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), obese (≥30). WC groups: nonabdominal obesity (low WC: <102 cm for men and <88 cm for women), abdominal obesity (high WC: ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women). CES-D, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; MDD, major depressive disorder; N, number of observations; SD, standard deviation. p values are from ANOVA (continuous variables) and χ2 tests (categorical variables).
More than one chronic illness (high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, thyroid problems, asthma).
At least one of the following: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular surgery, arthritis, vascular disease.