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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nitric Oxide. 2022 Nov 30;130:58–68. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.005

Figure 5. Increased NO release and production upon NIR laser treatment.

Figure 5.

PBM with NIR light exposure augments NO bioavailability via multiple mechanisms. First, PBM rests on its ability to photo-dissociate NO from cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) in mitochondria. Second, PBM increases NO bioavailability from intracellular stores, especially engaging heme proteins, including CcO, hemoglobin (Hb), or myoglobin. The schematics show hemoglobin composed of a heme prosthetic group, two α-globin, and two β-globin chains. Third, PBM has been shown to increase NO production from NOS via increasing the expression level and phosphorylation.