Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of participants in a study of effect of HDL-C on renal outcome in patients with INS complicated with SIDM
| Characteristics | No. a | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 230) |
Low level of HDL-C (n = 117) |
High level of HDL-C (n = 113) |
||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 109 (47.4) | 50 (42.7) | 59 (52.2) | 0.150 |
| Male | 121 (52.6) | 67 (57.3) | 54 (47.8) | 0.150 |
| Age, y | 49.0 (39.0, 58.0) | 48.0 (40.0, 58.0) | 50.0 (38.0, 57.5) | 0.621 |
| Family history of diabetes mellitus | 18 (8.0) | 7 (6.1) | 11 (9.9) | 0.289 |
| Baseline hypertension | 69 (30.0) | 41 (35.0) | 28 (24.8) | 0.089 |
| Time from abnormality, mo | 4.0 (1.5, 10.0) | 4.0 (1.5, 10.0) | 3.0 (1.8, 9.5) | 0.868 |
| Nephrotic syndrome complications | ||||
| AKI | 22 (9.6) | 12 (10.3) | 10 (8.8) | 0.717 |
| Infection | 31 (13.5) | 14 (12.0) | 17 (15.0) | 0.494 |
| Thrombosis | 9 (3.9) | 4 (3.4) | 5 (4.4) | 0.694 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 0.961 |
| TG, mmol/L | 2.5 (1.7, 3.4) | 2.6 (1.7, 3.5) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.4) | 0.550 |
| TyG indexb, | 9.2 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.6 | 0.768 |
| SCr, mg/dl | 0.8 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.333 |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73m2 | 91.9 (65.3, 111.7) | 94.5 (67.7, 113.9) | 91.4 (64.9, 107.0) | 0.794 |
| UA, μmol/L | 377.7 ± 110.3 | 390.8 ± 109.2 | 364.1 ± 110.2 | 0.066 |
| Alb, mean ± SD, g/L | 32.6 ± 7.9 | 33.4 ± 8.5 | 31.7 ± 7.0 | 0.100 |
| UPR, g/24 h | 2.9 (1.4, 6.1) | 2.3 (1.0, 5.2) | 3.6 (1.9, 6.6) | 0.004 |
| Pathological classification | 0.120 | |||
| MN | 121 (52.6) | 55 (47.0) | 66 (58.4) | |
| IgAN | 47 (20.4) | 27 (23.1) | 20 (17.7) | |
| FSGS | 27 (11.7) | 12 (10.3) | 15 (13.3) | |
| MCD | 32 (13.9) | 20 (17.1) | 12 (10.6) | |
| MPGN | 3 (1.3) | 3 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Glomerulus injury | ||||
| Glomerulus sclerosis | 4.8 (0.0, 14.3) | 5.7 (0.0, 15.2) | 4.5 (0.0, 12.5) | 0.430 |
| Focal sclerosis | 0.0 (0.0, 7.2) | 0.0 (0.0, 6.7) | 0.0 (0.0, 9.1) | 0.327 |
| Crescent | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.262 |
| Tubulointerstitial injury | ||||
| Tubular atrophy | 140 (60.9) | 77 (65.8) | 63 (55.8) | 0.118 |
| Intestinal inflammation | 173 (75.2) | 91 (77.8) | 82 (72.6) | 0.360 |
| Interstitial fibrosisc | 0.563 | |||
| Grade 1 | 139 (60.4) | 67 (57.3) | 72 (63.7) | |
| Grade 2 | 67 (29.1) | 36 (30.8) | 31 (27.4) | |
| Grade 3 | 24 (10.4) | 14 (12.0) | 10 (8.8) | |
| Tubulointerstitial damaged | 0.381 | |||
| Grade 1 | 194 (84.3) | 97 (82.9) | 97 (85.8) | |
| Grade 2 | 28 (12.2) | 14 (12.0) | 14 (12.4) | |
| Grade 3 | 8 (3.5) | 6 (5.1) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Glucocorticoid medication | ||||
| The induction dose, mg/d | 60.0 (50.0, 60.0) | 60.0 (50.0, 60.0) | 60.0 (47.5, 60.0) | 0.386 |
| The total dose, mg | 8.7 (6.3, 12.8) | 8.8 (5.5, 12.8) | 8.7 (6.3, 13.1) | 0.989 |
| The induction course, mo | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 0.385 |
| The total course, mo | 20.0 (12.0, 31.0) | 20.0 (11.0, 30.0) | 20.0 (13.0, 33.0) | 0.685 |
| Time till SDM diagnosis, mo | 2.3 (1.0, 5.0) | 2.5 (1.0, 5.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 5.0) | 0.998 |
| Glucocorticoid complications | ||||
| new hypertension | 32 (13.9) | 10 (8.5) | 22 (19.5) | 0.017 |
| osteonecrosis of femoral head | 4 (1.7) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (1.8) | 0.972 |
| persistent diabetes outcome | 61 (26.5) | 34 (29.1) | 27 (23.9) | 0.375 |
| Medication before glucocorticoid | ||||
| Tripterygium | 23 (10.0) | 12 (10.3) | 11 (9.7) | 0.895 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 8 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (7.1) | 0.003 |
| Tacrolimus | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 0.980 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0.308 |
| Statins | 86 (37.4) | 38 (32.5) | 48 (42.5) | 0.117 |
| ACEI/ARB | 120 (52.2) | 63 (53.8) | 57 (50.4) | 0.605 |
| Other antihypertension drugs | 39 (17.0) | 23 (19.7) | 16 (14.2) | 0.267 |
aPercentages may not total 100 because of rounding; bTyG index: Triglyceride-glucose index = In (Triglyceride * Fasting blood glucose / 2) (unit: mg/d/dL); cInterstitial fibrosis grade: grade 1 (lesion range less than 25%); grade 2 (lesion range 25 to 50%); grade 3 (lesion range more than 50%); dTubulointerstitial damage grade: grade 1 (lesion range less than 25%); grade 2 (lesion range 25 to 50%); grade 3 (lesion range more than 50%). BMI Body mass index, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, INS Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, SIDM Steroid-induced diabetes mellitus, TG Triglycerides, SCr Serum creatinine, eGFR Glomerular filtration rate estimated according to CKD-EPI Formula, Alb Albumin, UPR Urinary protein rate, MN Membranous nephropathy, IgAN IgA nephropathy, FSGS Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, MCD Minimally pathological nephropathy