. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 22.

Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2022 Feb 10;94(7):3091–3102. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04140

Table 2.

Comparison between Average PNC_direct Obtained across 15 Independent spICP-MS Experiments for RM 8012 and RM 8013 and Various Derived PNCs^a,b

	RM 8012	RM 8013
n	62	66
reported diameter (ROI)^c	95.9 ± 5.7 (11.5)^d	106.0 ± 2.0 (4.0)^d
HR-SEM diameter^c	98.4 ± 19.3 (38.7)^d	102.7 ± 10.5 (21.0)^d
spICP-MS diameter^c	100.4 ± 4.7 (9.4)^d	97.7 ± 22.2 (44.4)^d
TEM (ROI) full PSD	90.4 ± 5.5	102.1 ± 2.5
HR-SEM full PSD	96.5 ± 18.5 (37.0)^d	100.8 ± 10.1 (20.1)^d
spICP-MS full PSD	86.1 ± 4.7 (9.4)^d	93.9 ± 20.8 (41.5)^d
spICP-MS simultaneous diameter^c	96.9 ± 1.7 (3.3)^d	103.9 ± 1.5 (3.1)^d
spICP-MS simultaneous full PSD	87.0 ± 2.3 (4.6)^d	94.4 ± 1.5 (3.0)^d

Results are expressed as a ratio of PNC_direct to PNC_mean or PNC_distribution multiplied by 100, where PNC_mean or PNC_distribution was derived based on the combination of Au mass fraction with the mean particle diameter or PSD reported by TEM,^31,33 HR-SEM,³² spICP-MS,³² and the particle size results simultaneously obtained by spICP-MS in this study as specified in each column heading.

Values indicate the ratio between PNC_direct and various derived PNCs, expressed in percentage, and the combined standard uncertainty (u_c) associated.

Assumes all analyte is present as spherical NPs of the central tendency diameter.

All recognized and evaluated sources of bias affecting PNC determinations were included in the parenthetical expanded uncertainty computation that corresponds to the expanded uncertainty for 95% coverage.