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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;90(2):667–680. doi: 10.3233/JAD-220349

Table 3.

Associations between SMs and neurodegeneration biomarkers.

NfL (pg/mL) α-synuclein (pg/mL) Neurogranin (pg/mL)
Metabolite β P R2 β P R2 β P R2
behenoyl SM (d18:1/22:0) 0.06 1.23E-03 0.46 31.79 8.96E-04 0.09 46.86 0.08 0.04
palmitoyl dihydro-SM (d18:0/16:0) 0.15 2.14E-06 0.46 87.32 1.16E-07 0.11 148.66 0.01 0.05
palmitoyl SM (d18:1/16:0) 0.37 1.57E-18 0.52 254.75 1.72E-35 0.26 608.66 1.34E-15 0.10
SM (d18:1/14:0, d16:1/16:0) 0.16 8.83E-08 0.47 142.70 4.19E-18 0.16 336.80 1.74E-09 0.07
SM (d18:1/18:1, d18:2/18:0) 0.37 3.99E-17 0.51 247.38 3.30E-32 0.25 626.89 2.13E-15 0.10
SM (d18:1/20:0, d16:1/22:0) 0.17 2.34E-09 0.48 103.61 1.02E-12 0.12 207.71 8.00E-06 0.05
SM (d18:1/20:1, d18:2/20:0) 0.12 6.43E-05 0.45 64.18 3.29E-05 0.10 179.55 7.21E-04 0.05
SM (d18:1/22:1, d18:2/22:0, d16:1/24:1) 0.10 5.20E-06 0.46 50.48 1.34E-05 0.09 110.05 3.23E-03 0.05
SM (d18:1/24:1, d18:2/24:0) 0.09 1.30E-04 0.47 49.82 3.79E-05 0.09 81.38 0.04 0.04
SM (d18:2/16:0, d18:1/16:1) 0.22 5.16E-12 0.49 146.47 1.36E-19 0.17 337.93 1.39E-09 0.07
SM (d18:2/24:1, d18:1/24:2) 0.14 1.02E-08 0.48 75.29 2.36E-09 0.10 111.55 0.01 0.04
stearoyl SM (d18:1/18:0) 0.45 1.94E-21 0.53 325.23 1.25E-51 0.36 994.55 2.82E-28 0.18

SM: sphingomyelin; NfL: neurofilament light; β: change in the outcome with a one unit increase of the standardized metabolite level; P: P-value of the corresponding regression; R2: marginal R2 for the corresponding regression; bolded values indicate significant results at threshold p < 3.47×10−4.