Table 2.

Multivariate logistic regression for treatment satisfaction scores at 24 months

Variable	Reference category	OHA-Q subscale
		Treatment convenience (range: 0–27)			Somatic symptoms (range: 0–24)			Satisfaction (range: 0–9)
		Standardized coefficient	p value	VIF	Standardized coefficient	p value	VIF	Standardized coefficient	p value	VIF
Intercept		0.000	<0.0001	–	0.000	<0.0001	–	0.000	<0.0001	–
Age <65 years	≥65	−0.103	0.0106	1.75	−0.089	0.0271	1.75	−0.064	0.1219	1.76
Sex: female	Male	−0.040	0.2579	1.34	−0.161	<0.0001	1.33	−0.003	0.9413	1.33
Family history of diabetes: yes	No	−0.006	0.8509	1.11	−0.057	0.0749	1.11	−0.010	0.7588	1.10
EQ-5D-5L utility score	Continuous variable	0.111	0.0008	1.19	0.137	<0.0001	1.19	0.077	0.0241	1.20
SDSCA general diet subscale	Continuous variable	0.034	0.3527	1.42	0.008	0.8253	1.43	0.056	0.1298	1.42
SDSCA specific diet subscale	Continuous variable	0.077	0.0370	1.48	0.018	0.6267	1.47	0.017	0.6605	1.47
SDSCA exercise subscale	Continuous variable	0.046	0.1673	1.20	0.022	0.5123	1.20	0.021	0.5408	1.21
HbA1c	Continuous variable	−0.082	0.0153	1.23	0.012	0.7153	1.23	−0.038	0.2760	1.23
BMI	Continuous variable	0.080	0.0211	1.30	−0.039	0.2530	1.29	0.089	0.0120	1.29
Current smoking: yes	No	0.026	0.4331	1.17	−0.009	0.7898	1.16	0.052	0.1230	1.16
Drinking habit: yes	No	−0.067	0.0468	1.23	−0.052	0.1193	1.21	−0.026	0.4438	1.22
Educational background: university graduate or higher	High school or lower	0.013	0.6837	1.14	−0.023	0.4862	1.14	−0.055	0.0962	1.14
Family living together: yes	No	0.029	0.3427	1.04	0.036	0.2384	1.04	−0.020	0.5209	1.04
Current employed status: unemployed	Employed	0.084	0.0301	1.63	0.013	0.7324	1.64	0.085	0.0337	1.65
Baseline OAD: non-metformin	Metformin	0.017	0.7107	2.40	−0.043	0.3593	2.43	−0.036	0.4612	2.41
Baseline OAD: non–DPP-4i	DPP-4i	−0.131	0.0160	3.21	−0.114	0.0370	3.24	−0.097	0.0825	3.23
Baseline OAD: non-SGLT2i	SGLT2i	−0.011	0.8309	2.70	−0.070	0.1643	2.72	−0.036	0.4881	2.71
Diabetes complications: yes	No	−0.064	0.0480	1.15	0.031	0.3432	1.15	−0.015	0.6516	1.15
CVD: yes	No	0.025	0.4370	1.14	−0.084	0.0095	1.14	0.000	0.9913	1.15
Dyslipidemia: yes	No	0.019	0.5668	1.21	−0.018	0.5975	1.20	0.021	0.5328	1.20
Hypertension: yes	No	0.065	0.0765	1.47	0.038	0.3054	1.46	−0.014	0.7048	1.47
Comorbidities: yes	No	0.017	0.5905	1.11	0.010	0.7491	1.12	−0.019	0.5644	1.12
Non-T2DM drugs: yes	No	−0.060	0.1048	1.50	−0.081	0.0287	1.49	−0.048	0.2040	1.50
Consulting: non–diabetes specialists	Diabetes specialists	−0.066	0.1526	2.32	0.009	0.8460	2.33	0.035	0.4652	2.32
Consulting: non-cardiologists	Cardiologists	0.018	0.6148	1.37	0.005	0.8823	1.36	0.041	0.2504	1.35
Visiting: hospitals	Clinics	0.008	0.8157	1.16	−0.004	0.9068	1.17	−0.003	0.9292	1.16
Age of physician	Continuous variable	0.025	0.4384	1.11	0.027	0.3902	1.11	−0.006	0.8630	1.11
Visiting facility: T2DM patient visits/month	Continuous variable	0.013	0.7586	1.95	−0.016	0.7015	1.97	0.038	0.3793	1.97

Most common comorbidities were liver disease, CVD, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease and peptic ulcer disease, excluding those categorized as diabetes complications, CVD, dyslipidemia and hypertension.

Employed included full-time and part-time employees, and unemployed included students, homemakers and retired employees.

BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; OAD, oral antidiabetic drug; OHA-Q, Oral Hypoglycaemic Agent Questionnaire; QOL, quality of life; SDSCA, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; VIF, variance inflation factor.