Table 2.
Baseline HIV-related characteristics of study participants.
| Overall | Discovery cohort | Validation cohort | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mode of transmission, N (%) | |||
| MSM | 1360 (71.8%) | 1126 (72.2%) | 234 (69.6%) |
| Heterosexual contact | 410 (21.6%) | 322 (20.7%) | 88 (26.2%) |
| Intravenous drug use | 20 (1.1%%) | 19 (1.2%) | 1 (0.3%) |
| Congenital | 11 (0.6%) | 9 (0.6%) | 2 (0.6%) |
| Contaminated blood products | 6 (0.3%) | 6 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Unknown/several possibilities | 88 (4.6%) | 77 (4.9%) | 11 (3.3%) |
| Time since diagnosis in years, median (IQR) | 12.4 (7.1-19.1) | 13.0 (7.8-19.4) | 10.2 (5.3-16.3) |
| CD4 nadir in cells/mm 3, median (IQR) | 260 (140-390) | 250 (140-390) | 270 (130-410) |
| Most recent CD4 count in cells/mm 3, median (IQR) | 700 (530-910) | 712 (545-926) | 660 (478-820) |
| Most recent CD8 count in cells/mm 3, median (IQR) | 830 (610-1160) | 830 (610-1160) | Not measured |
| Most recent CD4/CD8 ratio | 0.88 (0.59-1.19) | 0.88 (0.59-1.19) | Not measured |
| Viral load zenith in copies/ml, median (IQR) |
100,000 (38,950 - 285,762) | 100,000 (37,750-264,000) | 559,970 (46,387-346,914) |
| People with viral load under quantification limit at most recent measurement, N (%) | 1790 (94.5%) | 1480 (94.9%) | 310 (92.3%) |
| Any AIDS-defining diagnosis in previous medical history, N (%) | 395 (20.8%) | 323 (20.7%) | 72 (21.4%) |
| History of AIDS-defining malignancy, N (%) | 115 (6.1%) | 97(6.2%) | 18 (5.4%) |
| History of AIDS-defining infection, N (%) | 256 (13.5%) | 212 (13.6%) | 44 (13.1%) |
| Other AIDS-defining diagnoses (Wasting, Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HIV encephalopathy), N (%) | 167 (8.8%) | 123 (7.9%) | 44 (13.1%) |
| Time on cART in years, median (IQR) | 10.1 (5.9-16.3) | 10.5 (6.4-16.5) | 7.7 (4.8-14.1) |
| One-drug ART regime in use, N (%) | 1 (0.05%) | 1 (0.06%) | 0 (0%) |
| Two-drug cART regime in use, N (%) | 267 (14.1% | 234 (15.0%) | 33 9.8%) |
| Three-drug cART regime in use, N (%) | 1576 (83.2%) | 1280 (82.1%) | 296 (88.1%) |
| More-than-three-drug cART regime in use, N (%) | 24 (1.3%) | 18 (1.2%) | 6 (1.8%) |
| ART classes in use, N (%) | |||
| NRTI | 1811 (95.6%) | 1482(95.1%) | 329 (97.9%) |
| NNRTI | 742 (39.2%) | 646 (41.4%) | 96 (28.6%) |
| PI | 180 (9.5%) | 151 (9.7%) | 29 (8.6%) |
| INSTI | 1039 (54.8%) | 811 (52.0%) | 228 (67.9%) |
| Entry inhibitor | 1 (0.05%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.3%) |
| Diagnosis during acute HIV infection, N (%) | 288 (15.2%) | 239 (15.3%) | 49 (14.6%) |
| Early cART (i.e. cART within first month of diagnosis of recent HIV infection), N (%) | 88 (4.6%) | 67 (4.3%) | 21 (6.3%) |
| Extreme HIV phenotypes, N (%) | |||
| Spontaneous controller | 114 (6.0%) | 102 (6.5%) | 12(3.6%) |
| Immunological non-responder | 162 (8.5%) | 142 (9.1%) | 20 (6.0%) |
| Rapid progressor | 81 (4.3%) | 72 (4.6%) | 10 (3.0%) |
N, Number of Participants; IQR, Inter Quartile Range; MSM, Men who have sex with men; mm3, Cubic Millimeter; cART, Combination Antiretroviral Therapy; ART, Antiretroviral Therapy; NRTI, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTI, Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; PI, Protease Inhibitors; INSTI, Integrase Inhibitors.